Forging new families in contemporary contexts: Exploring interpersonal relationships, power and abuses of power within online sperm donation

在当代背景下组建新家庭：探索在线精子捐赠中的人际关系、权力和权力滥用

• 批准号: ES/W001381/1
• 负责人: Rhys Turner-Moore
• 金额: $ 93.22万
• 依托单位: Leeds Beckett University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FW001381%2F1
• 关键词: Forging; new; families; contemporary; contexts

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights describes the family as the "fundamental unit of society", and in 1969, the United Nations recommended that "governments should, as a matter of urgency, make universally available information, education and the means to assist couples and individuals to achieve their desired number of children". However, many people need help from a sperm donor to start or build their family, and even now, there are lots of barriers to them receiving this help at an NHS or private clinic. So, instead, many people are looking for a sperm donor online. Unfortunately, there is very little information available to them about what online sperm donation involves and how it might change their lives for the better - or, possibly, for the worse. In the media, for example, there have been stories of men registering with online sperm donation sites and then being abusive to women who are looking for sperm.Relationships are at the heart of online sperm donation so our project starts there. There are the relationships between the person looking for sperm and the person who donates the sperm, and between these people and their life partner (if they have one). There are also the relationships between the many people who take part in the online sperm donation websites, and between these people and the person who owns the website. Sometimes, these relationships go well; sometimes, they do not. The first aim of this project is to look at how people experience these relationships, who is being positioned as powerful, and any abuse that is happening. In the first part of the project, the main way that we will look at these relationships is by talking with people who want sperm and people who are looking to donate sperm. We will talk with them three times over two years, starting with their online search to find sperm or donate sperm. Over the two years, we will also talk to these people's life partner, and the person they find who gives them the sperm or who they donate their sperm to. In the second part of the project, we will look at the relationships between the many people who take part in online sperm donation websites, and between these people and the person who owns the website. The main ways we will look at this is by joining the online websites as a researcher and following how people interact with and treat each other over one year, and by talking with the people who own the websites.The research will increase everyone's understanding of three important topics in our society: violence, health, and the internet. For violence, it will make people more aware of how women looking for sperm online (and possibly other people, too) are being abused, what support they need, and how we can stop this abuse from happening. For health, it will help decide whether NHS clinics should have more funding for sperm donation and who can access it, and whether the government should regulate online sperm donation. For the internet, it will help people discuss how the internet affects our lives and what safety and support we need online.It will be essential to ask the people involved in online sperm donation what they think needs to change in online sperm donation (e.g., public awareness, policies, laws, support services). So, the second aim of the project is to find out what people involved in online sperm donation think is the 'ideal future' for online sperm donation and work with them to make these changes. In the third part of the project, we will run workshops to share the research findings using comics and drawings, and together, work out what needs to change in online sperm donation, plan and do activities that will lead to this change, and log what changes happen. During the whole project, we will also share our findings with people involved in online sperm donation, researchers, professionals working in abuse, health, and internet safety, people who make policies and laws, and the public, to help effect change.

《世界人权宣言》将家庭描述为“社会的基本单位”，1969 年，联合国建议“各国政府应作为紧急事项向普遍提供信息、教育和手段，以协助夫妇和家庭”。个人达到他们想要的孩子数量”。然而，许多人需要精子捐献者的帮助来组建或建立家庭，即使是现在，他们在 NHS 或私人诊所接受这种帮助仍然存在很多障碍。因此，许多人转而在网上寻找精子捐赠者。不幸的是，他们获得的关于在线精子捐赠涉及什么以及它如何使他们的生活变得更好（或者可能变得更糟）的信息非常少。例如，媒体上有报道称，男性在在线精子捐赠网站上注册，然后虐待正在寻找精子的女性。关系是在线精子捐赠的核心，因此我们的项目从这里开始。寻找精子的人和捐献精子的人之间，以及这些人和他们的生活伴侣（如果他们有伴侣）之间都存在着关系。还有许多参与在线精子捐赠网站的人之间以及这些人与该网站所有者之间的关系。有时，这些关系进展顺利；有时，这些关系进展顺利。有时，他们不这样做。该项目的首要目标是了解人们如何体验这些关系、谁被定位为有权势的人以及正在发生的任何虐待行为。在该项目的第一部分中，我们看待这些关系的主要方式是与想要精子的人和想要捐赠精子的人交谈。我们将在两年内与他们交谈三次，从他们在线搜索寻找精子或捐赠精子开始。在这两年里，我们还将与这些人的生活伴侣以及他们找到的为他们提供精子的人或他们将精子捐献给的人进行交谈。在该项目的第二部分中，我们将研究参与在线精子捐赠网站的许多人之间的关系，以及这些人与该网站所有者之间的关系。我们看待这个问题的主要方法是作为研究人员加入在线网站，跟踪人们在一年内如何互动和对待彼此，并与拥有这些网站的人交谈。这项研究将增加每个人对以下三个方面的理解：我们社会的重要话题：暴力、健康和互联网。对于暴力，这将使人们更加了解在网上寻找精子的女性（也可能还有其他人）如何受到虐待，她们需要什么支持，以及我们如何阻止这种虐待的发生。对于健康而言，它将有助于决定 NHS 诊所是否应该为精子捐献提供更多资金、谁可以获得这些资金，以及政府是否应该规范在线精子捐献。对于互联网，它将帮助人们讨论互联网如何影响我们的生活以及我们在网上需要什么安全和支持。有必要询问参与在线精子捐赠的人他们认为在线精子捐赠需要改变什么（例如，公众意识、政策、法律、支持服务）。因此，该项目的第二个目标是了解参与在线精子捐赠的人们认为在线精子捐赠的“理想未来”，并与他们合作做出这些改变。在该项目的第三部分，我们将举办研讨会，利用漫画和图画分享研究成果，并共同找出在线精子捐赠中需要改变的内容，计划和开展导致这种改变的活动，并记录哪些内容变化发生了。在整个项目期间，我们还将与参与在线精子捐赠的人员、研究人员、从事虐待、健康和互联网安全工作的专业人士、政策和法律制定者以及公众分享我们的发现，以帮助实现变革。