The "Rehabilitation Prison": An oxymoron or an opportunity to radically reform imprisonment?

“改造监狱”：矛盾还是彻底改革监禁的机会？

基本信息

批准号：
ES/R010145/1
负责人：
Kate Elizabeth Gooch
金额：
$ 56.37万
依托单位：
University of Leicester
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FR010145%2F1
关键词：
Rehabilitation Prison oxymoron opportunity radically

项目摘要

Prisons are experiencing numerous problems: rising numbers, 'new' populations requiring specialised care (e.g. elderly men, military veterans); an ageing and dilapidated estate that spatially exacerbates effects of overcrowding; a preoccupation with security at the expense of other goals; an influx of new and dangerous drugs and illegal phones; and unprecedented numbers of deaths in custody. In response to these crises, the Government is undertaking an ambitious modernisation programme (the first for 60 years), at the core of which is up to nine new prison builds and the provision of an extra 10,000 prison places. These plans represent a once-in-a-generation opportunity, not only to build modern fit-for-purpose facilities but to reassess what prisons are for and what they can aspire to achieve. In the current era, punishment and rehabilitation are the paradoxical twin drivers of policy, made and implemented within a context of 'effectiveness' and 'efficiency' which, ministers argue, are goals best served by the economies of scale offered by very large prisons. Consequently, despite a wealth of scholarship finding smaller facilities to be better at housing prisoners safely, providing meaningful work, education and training, encouraging purposeful activity, and fostering healthy relationships between prisoners and staff, the Government remains committed to constructing 1000+ bed 'mega-prisons'. Meanwhile, prisoners are often ill-prepared for release at the end of their sentence, and a return to society can be experienced as a welcome but ultimately catastrophic event. Factors inhibiting successful resettlement include: long-term health problems caused by exposure to overcrowded, brutalising and/or insanitary custodial environments; broken family ties due to remote location of prisons and poor visiting arrangements; unresolved violence and substance misuse issues; limited job prospects due to poor educational attainment and the acquisition of a criminal record; and, for long-term prisoners, lack of experience with the basic, essential technologies that are required to function in modern society. In this context, rehabilitation can seem a forlorn ambition, so the opening of HMP Berwyn in 2017 - described by media as the 'poster child of Britain's super prisons' (BBC, 28 Feb 2017) - is a significant milestone. With capacity for 2,106 inmates, it is (along with Oakwood in England) the second largest prison in Europe, and the largest publicly-run prison in England and Wales. It is also the cheapest to operate, with anticipated costs of just £14,000 per prisoner per year, compared to the national average of £32,500. Yet Berwyn is also the first custodial facility in England and Wales to be designated a 'Rehabilitation Prison' and embed a 'rehabilitative culture' from the outset. If successful in this mission, Berwyn will be a 'flagship' model for the next phase of prisons to be constructed by 2021.Conducted by a team based at the Universities of Leicester and Kent, and at HMP Berwyn, the study will empirically investigate the extent to which Berwyn can deliver on its promise of rehabilitation, and will employ its findings to inform current and future debates about how prisons might be designed and operated. Following the applicants' existing ESRC-funded research and using the key stakeholder relationships and networks established during those projects, the intent is to innovate in two important ways: i) the research findings will inform knowledge and debates now as well as in future - impact will not come at the end of the study, but will be embedded from the start; ii) it will move beyond traditional 'top-down' research methods, and will fully involve prisoners and staff as co-producers of data. Challenging conventional wisdom and taken-for-granted assumptions, the proposed project is imaginative, significant and timely.

监狱面临着许多问题：数量不断增加，需要专门照顾的“新”人口（例如老年人、退伍军人）；监狱设施老化和破旧，在空间上加剧了过度拥挤的影响；新型危险毒品和非法电话的出现；以及前所未有的拘留期间死亡人数。为了应对这些危机，政府正在实施一项雄心勃勃的现代化计划（60 年来的首次），其核心是。建造多达九座新监狱并提供额外的 10,000 个监狱场所，这些计划代表着千载难逢的机会，不仅可以建造现代化的适合用途的设施，还可以重新评估监狱的用途和用途。在当今时代，惩罚和康复是政策的矛盾双驱动因素，在“有效性”和“效率”的背景下制定和实施，部长们认为，规模经济最能实现这些目标。经过尽管大量的学术研究发现较小的设施更适合安全地安置囚犯、提供有意义的工作、教育和培训、鼓励有目的的活动以及促进囚犯和工作人员之间的健康关系，但政府仍然致力于建造 1000 所大型监狱。 + 床位“巨型监狱”。与此同时，囚犯在刑满后往往没有做好释放的准备，重返社会可能会受到欢迎，但最终会是灾难性的。阻碍成功重新安置的因素包括：由于监狱位置偏远和探视安排不佳而造成的长期健康问题；由于教育程度差和滥用药物问题，就业前景有限；获得犯罪记录；对于长期囚犯来说，缺乏在现代社会中发挥作用所需的基本技能的经验，在这种情况下，改造似乎是一个渺茫的抱负，因此开设 HMP 。 2017 年的伯温监狱 - 被媒体称为“英国超级监狱的典范”（BBC，2017 年 2 月 28 日） - 是一个重要的里程碑，它可容纳 2,106 名囚犯，是（与英格兰的奥克伍德一起）第二大监狱。它是欧洲最大的公立监狱，也是英格兰和威尔士运营成本最低的监狱，与全国监狱相比，预计每名囚犯每年的费用仅为 14,000 英镑。平均费用为 32,500 英镑，但 Berwyn 也是英格兰和威尔士第一个被指定为“康复监狱”的监狱，并从一开始就融入了“康复文化”。如果成功完成这一使命，Berwyn 将成为“旗舰”典范。到 2021 年建造下一阶段的监狱。由莱斯特大学、肯特大学和 HMP 的团队进行Berwyn 表示，该研究将根据申请人现有的 ESRC 资助的研究和成果，对 Berwyn 能够在多大程度上兑现其改造承诺的程度进行实证调查，并将利用其研究结果为当前和未来关于如何设计和运营监狱的辩论提供信息。利用这些项目期间建立的关键利益相关者关系和网络，目的是通过两种重要方式进行创新：i) 研究结果将为现在和未来的知识和辩论提供信息——影响不会在研究结束时出现，但会被嵌入从一开始；ii）它将超越传统的“自上而下”的研究方法，并将充分让囚犯和工作人员作为数据的共同制作者，挑战传统智慧和理所当然的假设，拟议的项目富有想象力，意义重大且及时。