Spray cooling high power dissipation Applications (SANGRIA): From fundamentals to Design

喷雾冷却高功耗应用 (SANGRIA)：从基础到设计

• 批准号: EP/X015327/1
• 负责人: Khellil Sefiane
• 金额: $ 75.84万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FX015327%2F1
• 关键词: Spray; cooling; power; dissipation; Applications

The advancement of numerous technologies has become increasingly reliant on the ability to dissipate large quantities of heat from small areas. Current designs in power electronics, supercomputers, lasers, X-ray medical devices, nuclear fusion reactor blankets, spacecraft, and hybrid vehicle electronics, and future improvements, rely on record high heat transfer rates. This rapid increase in heat dissipation rates required by such devices has led to a transition from more traditional fan-cooled heat-sink attachments to liquid cooling techniques. Liquid cooling techniques operating in single-phase, however, have now reached their limit being forced to run at very low inlet temperatures and exceedingly high mass flow rates, resulting in unacceptably high pressure drops and surface temperature gradients. Innovative approaches are urgently needed to overcome these significant shortcomings: one such approach is spray-cooling. Spray-cooling uses a nozzle to break up the liquid coolant into fine droplets that impinge individually on a heated surface. 'Low'- and 'high-temperature' spray-cooling applications involve surface temperatures below and above the critical heat flux (CHF), respectively. Single-phase spray-cooling (relies on liquid sensible heat rise only) provides greater operational stability and spatially uniform heat removal than liquid cooling, reducing the likelihood of large surface thermal gradients, particularly important for fragile electronic components. Two-phase spray-cooling (relies on liquid sensible heat rise and latent heat), are superior to single-phase systems and furthermore, compared to pool/flow boiling alternative systems, offer far less resistance to vapour removal from a heated surface enabling superior drop-surface contact . In fact, the CHF increases from 1.2 MW/m2 (for water pool boiling) to 10 MW/m2 for water sprays in two-phase applications.SANGRIA is an ambitious 3-year collaborative research programme aimed at investigating the fundamental mechanisms and transfer processes underlying spray-cooling. This project combines cutting-edge experimental techniques that furnish spatiotemporally-resolved diagnostics of the thermal, interfacial, and hydrodynamic fields, with multi-scale theory, modelling and 3-D high-fidelity numerical simulation that bridge the molecular and continuum-scales. The deep insights generated from SANGRIA will be harnessed to provide tools that are practically implementable by our industrial partners in order to maximise impact.Industrial and academic partners will provide additional technical support and feedback during the research programme plus pathways for direct industrial impact. The industrial partners include possible users of this technology: TMD Ltd (manufacturers of electronic equipment, high heat flux devices); Oxford naNosystems (manufacturers of enhanced heat transfer surfaces); ANSYS (Software development); Siemens (Software development); Spraying Systems Co. (Nozzle manufacturers); Syngenta (users of nozzles). LaVision offered a 15% discount on their Particle Master System. The academic partners from the University of Nottingham, Sorbonne University, Technical University of Darmstadt and Kyushu University are internationally recognised experts in single and two-phase thermal systems, including spray cooling. Participation and presentations during the HEXAG and PIN meetings will facilitate feedback and technology transfer.

众多技术的进步已经越来越依赖于从小区域消散大量热量的能力。当前的电源电子产品，超级计算机，激光器，X射线医疗设备，核融合反应堆毯，航天器和混合动力汽车电子设备以及未来的改进都取决于创纪录的高传热率。这种设备所需的散热速度的迅速增加导致从更传统的风扇冷却的热水键附件过渡到液体冷却技术。然而，在单相中运行的液体冷却技术现已达到其极限，被迫在非常低的入口温度和极高的质量流速下运行，从而导致高压下降和表面温度梯度不可接受。迫切需要创新的方法来克服这些重大的缺点：一种方法是喷雾冷却。喷雾冷却使用喷嘴将液体冷却液分解成细小的液滴，这些液滴会单独撞击加热的表面。 “低”和“高温”喷雾冷却应用分别涉及临界热通量（CHF）以下和之上的表面温度。与液体冷却相比，单相喷雾冷却（仅依赖于液体明智的热升高）可提供更大的操作稳定性和空间均匀的热量，从而降低了大型表面热梯度的可能性，这对于脆弱的电子组件尤其重要。两阶段的喷雾冷却（依赖于液体明智的热升和潜热），优于单相系统，与池/流动沸腾的替代系统相比，从加热的表面上可以使蒸气清除的耐药性少得多。实际上，在两阶段应用中，CHF从1.2 mW/m2（用于水池沸腾）增加到10 mW/m2。Sangria是一项雄心勃勃的3年协作研究计划，旨在研究喷雾冷却的基本机制和转移过程。该项目结合了最先进的实验技术，这些实验技术提供了热，界面和流体动力领域的空间分辨诊断，以及多尺度理论，建模和3-D高效率数值模拟，这些模拟桥接了分子和连续性。从桑格利亚汽酒（Sangria）产生的深刻见解将受到利用，以提供我们工业伙伴实际上可以实施的工具，以最大程度地发挥影响力。工业和学术合作伙伴将在研究计划以及直接工业影响的途径期间提供更多的技术支持和反馈。工业合作伙伴包括该技术的可能用户：TMD Ltd（电子设备的制造商，高热量设备）；牛津纳米系统（增强传热表面的制造商）； ANSYS（软件开发）；西门子（软件开发）；喷雾系统公司（喷嘴制造商）；先正达（喷嘴的用户）。 Lavision为其粒子主系统提供了15％的折扣。诺丁汉大学，索邦大学，达姆施塔特技术大学和京都大学的学术合作伙伴是国际公认的单一和两阶段热系统的专家，包括喷雾冷却。在六角形和PIN会议期间的参与和演示将有助于反馈和技术转移。