Enabling green ammonia as future transport fuel

使绿色氨成为未来的运输燃料

• 批准号: EP/X001113/1
• 负责人: Xinyan Wang
• 金额: $ 32.8万
• 依托单位: Brunel University London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FX001113%2F1
• 关键词: Enabling; green; ammonia; future; transport

Ammonia, a highly hydrogenated molecule, has been identified as an important means to support a transition to hydrogen economy, as it can be used to store and distribute hydrogen easily because of the already existing infrastructure for transport and storage of ammonia. If hydrogen is to be extracted from ammonia at the point of use, the thermo-catalysis of ammonia back to hydrogen requires a high amount of energy. Preferably ammonia is used directly as a carbon-free liquid fuel for combustion engines in power generation, marine vessels and long-haul vehicles where batteries cannot be used due to their low energy density (hence large volume and weight), high cost and long charging times. However, the significantly lower energy density (as measured by calorific value) of ammonia requires much larger fuel storage space and weight to be used. More importantly, the direct application of ammonia in combustion engines suffers from incomplete combustion and poor engine performance due to ammonia's higher ignition energy, higher auto-ignition temperature as well as significantly lower flame speed. In order to address the aforementioned challenges of ammonia and hydrogen for their applications in transport, a new type of liquid ammonia blended with hydrogen will be researched and demonstrated in this project with advanced modelling and experimental techniques. The proposed novel fuel has both ammonia and hydrogen molecules, and will enable (1) immediate and wider use of carbon free ammonia and hydrogen in existing engines, particularly for long haul vehicles, marine vessels and power generators, (2) significantly improved engine performance and lower emissions through increased energy density, faster and complete combustion. Therefore, the developed liquid ammonia blended with hydrogen would enable an immediate, cost-effective and 100% reduction in CO2 emissions to achieve net zero target in long haul transport, shipping, and power generation sectors by and beyond 2050 that will be difficult to achieve with existing technologies in use or in development.

氨是一种高度氢化的分子，已被确定为支持向氢经济过渡的重要手段，因为它可以用来容易地存储和分发氢，因为已经存在了氨的运输和存储基础设施。如果要从氨中从氨中提取氢，则氨的热催化回到氢需要大量能量。优选地将氨直接用作发电中燃烧发动机的无碳液体燃料，海洋船和长途车辆，由于其低能密度（因此大量和重量），高成本和长时间充电时间无法使用电池。但是，氨的能量密度显着降低（通过热量值测量）需要更大的燃料存储空间和重量。更重要的是，由于氨的点火能量，较高的自动点燃温度以及明显较低的火焰速度，燃烧发动机中氨的直接应用遭受了不完全的燃烧和发动机性能差。为了应对上述氨和氢在运输中的应用所面临的挑战，将在该项目中使用先进的建模和实验技术来研究并证明一种新型的液体氨与氢混合的液体氨。拟议的新型燃料既有氨和氢分子，并且可以在现有发动机中立即且更广泛地使用无碳和氢，尤其是对于长途车辆，船舶和发电机，（2）显着改善了发动机性能，并通过增加的能量密度，富含能量，富含的燃烧和燃烧来降低弹药的性能。因此，发达的液体氨与氢混合将使二氧化碳排放量的立即，具有成本效益和100％降低，以在2050年以上的长途运输，运输和发电部门中实现净零目标，这将在使用中现有的技术或开发中很难实现。