EYE MOVEMENTS IN ALCOHOLISM AND INDIVIDUALS AT RISK FOR ALCOHOLISM

酗酒时的眼球运动和有酗酒风险的个体

• 批准号: 3767528
• 负责人: D HOMMER
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3767528
• 关键词: alcoholism /alcohol abuse; attention deficit disorder; child (0-11); cognition disorders; frontal lobe /cortex; human subject; saccades; schizophrenia; short term memory

The study of human eye movements provides an extremely useful approach to the examination of a variety of cognitive functions. It is obvious that the latency and goal saccadic eye movements are related to attention. What is not so obvious is that other aspects of cognition such as short term memory, preparatory set, and inhibition of context inappropriate responses can also be assessed using eye movement techniques. Short term memory, preparatory set, and inhibition of context inappropriate responses constitute core functions of the prefrontal cortex, the brain region most involved in the control of higher order cognitive processes. We have used a number of different tasks to elicit saccades. Primary among these have been a variety of delayed response tasks. These tasks allow us to independently assess core functions of the prefrontal cortex by measuring the accuracy and latency of memory guided saccades, as well as the frequency of context inappropriate saccades that interrupt the delay period. Using these tasks we have demonstrated that schizophrenics are impaired in all three core aspects of prefrontal cortex function while children with ADHD are impaired in only their ability to inhibit context inappropriate saccades. Studies of alcoholics and children at risk for alcoholism are planned.

对人眼运动的研究提供了一种非常有用的方法 各种认知功能的检查。 显然， 潜伏期和目标眼跳运动与注意力有关。 不那么明显的是认知的其他方面，例如短时间 术语记忆、准备组和上下文不适当的抑制 还可以使用眼动技术来评估反应。 短期 记忆、准备组和对情境不当反应的抑制 前额皮质是大脑最核心的功能区域 参与高阶认知过程的控制。 我们已经用过 许多不同的任务来引发眼跳。 其中主要有 各种延迟响应任务。 这些任务使我们能够 通过测量独立评估前额皮质的核心功能 记忆引导扫视的准确性和延迟，以及 中断延迟的上下文不适当眼跳的频率 时期。 通过这些任务，我们已经证明精神分裂症患者 前额皮质功能的所有三个核心方面均受损，同时 患有多动症的儿童仅在抑制环境的能力方面受到损害 不适当的眼跳。 对酗酒者和有酗酒风险的儿童的研究 酗酒是有计划的。