SOCIAL COMPARISON: DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES

社会比较：发展和功能分析

• 批准号: 3486580
• 负责人: DIANE N RUBLE
• 金额: $ 13.65万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-05-01 至 1994-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3486580
• 关键词: animal developmental psychology; child psychology; concept; dyadic interaction; experience; female; health behavior; hospital patient care; interview; longitudinal human study; marriage /marital status; middle childhood (6-11); motivation; self concept; sex roles; social perception; socializations; young adult human (21-34)

This research analyzes changes in individuals' social orientations during periods of transition across the lifespan. It is suggested that changes in knowledge during the course of a transition influence how an individual approaches and responds to relevant social information. Because the focus is on transitions relevant to social, rather than cognitive outcomes, they are referred to here as "socializing transitions." A common conceptualization is applied to three major instigators of socializing transitions: changes in social understanding (about gender and stable, personal traits), social experiences (the first few years of school and hospitalization), and biologically based role changes (becoming a parent for the first time). The changes in social orientations predicted during these transitions are conceptualized in terms of three explanatory constructs: motivation to acquire information; information processing; and the meaning or significance of the information. It is hypothesized that individuals are maximally motivated to acquire certain kinds of information during early stages of a transition but that once conclusions are drawn, changes in motivation and information processing make them difficult to modify. Such changes are important because of the implication that the information available during relatively circumscribed periods of a transition control significant socialization outcomes of that experience. Six sets of studies are proposed, involving both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, and combining self-reports, observational techniques, and experimental manipulation. The theoretical significance of the research involves an increased understanding of intervening processes contributing to transformations in personal and interpersonal perceptions and behaviors often resulting from a period of transition. These processes are expected to have general applicability to any transition. Moreover, because the research involves natural settings, the findings have practical, mental health applications for these settings. Study Set 5, for example, examines children's adaptation to a brief stay in a hospital. The present focus on developmental change in information-seeking and level of understanding will be useful for developing programs to meet the needs of children at different ages, and thereby minimize the negative psychological consequences of hospitalization. Similar though less direct implications are foreseen with respect to the proposed research on performance-related self esteem in school, and affective disorders after the birth of a first child.

本研究分析了个人社会取向的变化 整个生命周期的过渡时期。建议更改 转型过程中的知识如何影响个体 接近并回应相关的社会信息。因为重点 是与社会而非认知结果相关的转变，他们 这里被称为“社会化转变”。一个常见的 概念化应用于社交的三个主要煽动者 转变：社会理解的变化（关于性别和稳定， 个人特质）、社会经历（上学的最初几年和 住院治疗），以及基于生物学的角色转变（成为父母） 首次）。预测期间社会取向的变化 这些转变是根据三个解释性概念来概念化的 建构：获取信息的动机；信息处理；和 信息的含义或意义。假设 个人有最大的动机去获取某些类型的信息 在过渡的早期阶段，但一旦得出结论， 动机和信息处理的变化使他们难以 调整。这些变化很重要，因为这意味着 在相对有限的时期内可获得的信息 过渡控制该经历的重要社会化结果。 提出了六组研究，涉及横截面和 纵向设计，并结合自我报告、观察技术， 和实验操作。研究的理论意义 涉及加深对干预过程的理解 个人和人际观念和行为的转变 往往是过渡时期的结果。这些过程是预期的 具有对任何过渡的普遍适用性。此外，由于 研究涉及自然环境，研究结果具有实用性、精神性 这些设置的健康应用程序。例如，研究集 5 检查 儿童对短暂住院的适应。目前的重点是 信息寻求和理解水平的发展变化将 有助于制定满足儿童需求的计划 不同年龄段的人，从而最大限度地减少负面心理 住院的后果。类似但不太直接的影响 预计与绩效相关的拟议研究 在学校的自尊，以及第一个孩子出生后的情感障碍 孩子。