Engineering Quantum Technology Systems on a Silicon Platform

在硅平台上设计量子技术系统

• 批准号: EP/N003225/1
• 负责人: Douglas Paul
• 金额: $ 193.01万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FN003225%2F1
• 关键词: Engineering; Quantum; Technology; Systems; Silicon

The vision of this project is to develop practical quantum technology for the accurate measurement of electrical currents and to develop high sensitivity detectors for gases such as carbon dioxide, methane (the gas used to heat homes) and carbon dioxide. Single electron transistors allow only one electron to travel through the device when switched on to form the electrical current. If the control gate is switched at a high frequency then the current through the device is simply the frequency times the charge on an electron and by counting the number of electrons, the current can be accurately measured. All such devices to date only work at low temperatures due to the small energy difference between the quantum states required for the transistor. I am proposing to make a single electron transistor which is far smaller than any previous reported device that will have large energies between the quantum states and operate at room temperature.Gas molecules absorb light at very specific wavelengths which in the mid-infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum correspond to vibrational energy of the bonds which hold the atoms together to form the gas molecule. This provides a molecular fingerprint as each molecule only absorbs specific wavelengths which can therefore be used to identify the gas. Gas detectors already exist for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane gas by measuring the absorption of light at the molecular fingerprint wavelength but the sensitivity for small battery powered detectors in the home is at the level of parts per million. For many scientific, healthcare, industrial and security applications sensitivities require to be at least a thousand times better. To date systems for measuring at this accuracy are large, bulky and require large lasers. This proposal will use quantum technology to build a far smaller and cheaper chip scale gas detector with parts per billion sensitivity that could be integrated into mobile phones or used for battery power sensors.I am proposing to use the quantum nature of light to produce 2 individual packets of light called photons which will be at the same wavelength and at the same phase where the peaks and troughs of the waves are at the same points in space as the light travels through a waveguide. Heisenburg's uncertainty principle only allows us to measure the amplitude or the phase of the photons with a specific accuracy and the product is a constant. If we squeeze the phase of the light so that the accuracy in measuring the phase is reduced then we can measure the amplitude more accurately since it is only the product of the two that we cannot measure at a higher accuracy. This quantum approach of squeezing light allows far more sensitive measurements that are forbidden in classical measurement systems.The project brings together a range of UK companies, government agencies, standards laboratories and universities to deliver the portable current standard and the high sensitivity gas detector. I will be supplying demonstrators to a range of collaborators who will evaluate the performance with successful devices being transferred to UK companies to help develop next generation products. The project will also train 2 research associates and 2 PhD students in quantum technology.

该项目的愿景是开发实用的量子技术，以准确测量电流，并开发高灵敏度检测器，以用于二氧化碳，甲烷（用于加热房屋的气体）和二氧化碳等气体。单晶体管打开时只允许一个电子通过设备传播以形成电流。如果控制门以高频切换，则通过设备的电流仅是电子上电荷的频率时间，并且通过计算电子数，可以准确测量电流。迄今为止，由于晶体管所需的量子状态之间的较小能量差，所有此类设备仅在低温下工作。我建议制作一个单个电子晶体管，该晶体管比以前报道的任何设备要小得多，该设备在量子状态之间具有很大的能量并在室温下运行。GAS分子在非常具体的波长下吸收光，在非常具体的波长中，在电磁频谱的中红外部分中，这些波长与键合成键合成键合成气体的振动能量相对应。这提供了分子指纹，因为每个分子仅吸收特定的波长，因此可用于鉴定气体。通过测量在分子指纹波长处的光吸收，二氧化碳，一氧化碳和甲烷气体的气体探测器已经存在，但是对房屋中小电池供电的探测器的敏感性为每百万的零件水平。对于许多科学，医疗保健，工业和安全应用，敏感性必须提高至少一千倍。迄今为止，以这种准确性进行测量的系统很大，笨重，需要大型激光器。该提案将使用量子技术来建造一个更小，更便宜的碎屑气体探测器，其零件可以集成到手机中或用于电池电源传感器中。我建议使用光的量子性质生成2个单独的光子光子，称为光子，这些光子将在相同的波长和相同的峰值范围内与浪潮相同。海森堡的不确定性原理仅允许我们以特定精度测量光子的振幅或相位，而乘积是常数。如果我们挤压光的相位，以使测量相位的准确性降低，那么我们可以更准确地测量振幅，因为仅是两个我们无法以更高精度测量的两个乘积。这种挤压光的量子方法允许经典测量系统中禁止的更敏感的测量。该项目汇集了一系列英国公司，政府机构，标准实验室和大学，以提供便携式当前标准和高灵敏度气体探测器。我将向一系列合作者提供示威者，他们将成功地将设备转移到英国公司来帮助开发下一代产品。该项目还将在量子技术中培训2名研究助手和2名博士学位学生。

项目成果

One dimensional transport in top-down fabricated silicon nanowires

自上而下制造的硅纳米线中的一维传输

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Felix J Schlupp

Strain analysis of a Ge micro disk using precession electron diffraction

使用进动电子衍射对 Ge 微盘进行应变分析

• DOI: 10.1063/1.5113761
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Applied Physics
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Bashir A

Geiger Mode Ge-on-Si Single-Photon Avalanche Diode Detectors

• DOI: 10.1109/group4.2019.8853918
• 发表时间: 2019-08
• 期刊: 2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP)
• 作者: G. Buller;D. Dumas;Z. Greener;J. Kirdoda;K. Kuzmenko;R. Millar;M. Mirza;D. Paul;P. Vines

Challenges in engineering platform technologies for quantum technology

量子技术工程平台技术的挑战

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Douglas J Paul

The Performance and Electrical Transport of Silicon Nanowires Transistors

硅纳米线晶体管的性能和电传输

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Douglas J Paul