Sustainable Manufacturing of Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) Inks and Thin Films

透明导电氧化物 (TCO) 油墨和薄膜的可持续制造

• 批准号: EP/L017709/1
• 负责人: Claire Jane Carmalt
• 金额: $ 290.67万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FL017709%2F1
• 关键词: Sustainable; Manufacturing; Transparent; Conducting; Oxide; Sustainable; Manufacturing; Transparent; Conducting; Oxide

This project seeks to develop processes and resources towards sustainable and inexpensive high quality transparent conducting oxide (TCO) films (and printed tracks) on float glass, plastics and steel. In particular replacement materials for Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and F-doped Tin Oxide (FTO). These materials are used in low-e window coatings (>£5B pa), computers, phones and PV devices. The current electronics market alone is worth in excess of £0.9 Trillion and every tablet PC uses ca 3g of tin. Indium is listed as a critical element- available in limited amounts often in unstable geopolitical areas. Tin metal has had the biggest rise in price of any metal consecutively in the last four years (valued at >£30K per ton) and indium is seen as one of the most difficult to source elements. In this project we will develop sustainable upscaled routes to TCO materials from precursors containing earth abundant elements (titanium, aluminium, zinc) with equivalent or better figures of merit to existing TCOs. Our method uses Aerosol assisted (AA) CVD to develop large scale coatings and developing new manufacturing approach to printed TCOs using highly uniform nanoparticle dispersions. AACVD has not been upscaled- although the related Atmospheric pressure (AP) CVD is widely used industrially. APCVD was developed in the UK (Pilkington now NSG) for commercial window coating methods- and in the UK glass industry supports >5000 jobs in the supply chain. Our challenge is to take our known chemistry and develop the underpinning science to demonstrate scale up routes to large area coatings. This will include pilot scale AACVD, nanoparticle dispersions and inks. Common precursor sets will be utilized in all the techniques. Our focus will be to ensure that the UK maintains a world-leading capability in the manufacturing of and with sustainable TCOs. This will be achieved by delivering two new scale up pathways one based on AACVD- for large area coatings and inks and dispersions for automotive and PC use.We will use known and sustainable metal containing precursors to deposit TCOs that do not involve rare elements (e.g. based on Ti, Zn, Al). Key issues will be (1) taking the existing aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) process from small lab scale to a large pilot lab scale reactor (TRL3) and (2) developing a new approach to TCOs from transparent nanoparticle dispersions synthesized in a continuous hydrothermal flow systems (CHFS) reactor using an existing EPSRC funded pilot plant process (kg/h scale). Nano-dispersions will be formulated for use by the rest of the team, in jet and screen printing, advanced microwave processing and TCO application testing. Industry partners will provide engineering support, guidance on the aerosol transport issues, scale up and dynamic coating trials (Pilkington now NSG), jet and screen printing on glass (Xaar, Akzo Nobel, CPI) and use the TCO targets for Magnetron Sputtering of thin films on plastics (Teer Coatings). The two strands will be overseen by Life-cycle modelling and cost benefit analyses to take a holistic approach to the considerations of energy, materials consumption and waste and, in consultation with key stakeholders and policy makers, identify best approaches to making improvement or changes, e.g. accounting for environmental legislation in nanomaterials, waste disposal or recyclability of photovoltaics. We believe there is a real synergy of having two strands as they are linked by common scale up manufacturing issues and use similar process chemistries and precursors.

该项目旨在开发流程和资源，以朝着可持续和廉价的高质量透明导电氧化物（TCO）膜（以及印刷曲目）上的浮雕玻璃，塑料和钢进行开发。特别是用于氧化钛锡（ITO）和F掺杂锡氧化物（FTO）的替代材料。这些材料用于低E窗涂层（> 5B PA），计算机，电话和PV设备中。仅当前的电子市场就价值超过0.9万亿英镑，并且每个平板电脑都使用CA 3G TIN。 indium被列为关键要素 - 在不稳定的地缘政治地区经常以有限的数量可用。在过去的四年中，锡金属的价格最大（每吨超过3万英镑），而indium被视为最难采购的元素之一。在这个项目中，我们将从包含地球绝对元素（钛，铝，锌）的前体的TCO材料开发可持续的高尺度途径，具有与现有TCO相同或更好的功绩。我们的方法使用气溶胶辅助（AA）CVD开发大型涂料并使用高度均匀的纳米颗粒分散体开发新的制造方法来打印TCO。尽管相关的大气压（AP）CVD在工业上被广泛使用，但AACVD尚未降低。 APCVD是在英国开发的（Pilkington Now）NSG）用于商业窗口涂料方法 - 在英国玻璃行业在供应链中支持> 5000个工作岗位。我们的挑战是采用我们已知的化学反应并发展基础科学，以展示扩大到大面积涂料的路线。这将包括试验刻度AACVD，纳米颗粒分散体和墨水。所有技术都将在所有技术中使用常见的前体集。我们的重点是确保英国在制造和可持续的TCO中保持世界领先的能力。这将通过基于AACVD的两种新规模来实现这一目标，用于大面积涂料，墨水和PC使用的墨水和分散。我们将使用已知且可持续的金属含有前体来沉积不涉及稀有元素的TCO（例如，基于Ti，Zn，Al，Al）。关键问题将是（1）将现有的气溶胶辅助化学蒸气沉积（AACVD）从小型实验室量表到大型实验室实验室量表反应器（TRL3）和（2）（2）使用现有的水热流动系统（CHFS）反应器（CHFS）的epsr fultot fultot fultot fultot fult（KG）开发了一种从透明纳米粒子分散剂中的TCO来开发一种新方法。纳米散布将由团队其他成员制定，用于喷气式和丝网印刷，高级微波处理和TCO应用程序测试。行业合作伙伴将提供工程支持，有关气溶胶运输问题的指导，扩大规模和动态涂料试验（Pilkington Now NSG），玻璃上的喷气式和丝网印刷（Xaar，Akzo Nobel，CPI），并使用TCO目标，并用于对层状薄膜上的磁氧化磁磁；生命周期的建模和成本收益分析将监督这两条线，以采取整体方法来考虑能源，材料消费和废物，并与关键的利益相关者和政策制定者进行协商，并确定改进或更改的最佳方法，例如。纳米材料，废物处理或光伏的可回收性的环境立法会计。我们认为，有两条链的真正协同作用是因为它们与共同规模的制造问题相关联，并使用类似的过程化学和前体。