SOCIAM: The Theory and Practice of Social Machines

SOCIAM：社交机器的理论与实践

• 批准号: EP/J017728/1
• 负责人: Nigel Shadbolt
• 金额: $ 792.43万
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FJ017728%2F1
• 关键词: SOCIAM; Theory; Practice; Social; Machines

SOCIAM - Social Machines - will research into pioneering methods of supporting purposeful human interaction on the World Wide Web, of the kind exemplified by phenomena such as Wikipedia and Galaxy Zoo. These collaborations are empowering, as communities identify and solve their own problems, harnessing their commitment, local knowledge and embedded skills, without having to rely on remote experts or governments.Such interaction is characterised by a new kind of emergent, collective problem solving, in which we see (i) problems solved by very large scale human participation via the Web, (ii) access to, or the ability to generate, large amounts of relevant data using open data standards, (iii) confidence in the quality of the data and (iv) intuitive interfaces."Machines" used to be programmed by programmers and used by users. The Web, and the massive participation in it, has dissolved this boundary: we now see configurations of people interacting with content and each other, typified by social web sites. Rather than dividing between the human and machine parts of the collaboration (as computer science has traditionally done), we should draw a line around them and treat each such assembly as a machine in its own right comprising digital and human components - a Social Machine. This crucial transition in thinking acknowledges the reality of today's sociotechnical systems. This view is of an ecosystem not of humans and computers but of co-evolving Social Machines.The ambition of SOCIAM is to enable us to build social machines that solve the routine tasks of daily life as well as the emergencies. Its aim is to develop the theory and practice so that we can create the next generation of decentralised, data intensive, social machines. Understanding the attributes of the current generation of successful social machines will help us build the next.The research undertakes four necessary tasks. First, we need to discover how social computing can emerge given that society has to undertake much of the burden of identifying problems, designing solutions and dealing with the complexity of the problem solving. Online scaleable algorithms need to be put to the service of the users. This leads us to the second task, providing seamless access to a Web of Data including user generated data. Third, we need to understand how to make social machines accountable and to build the trust essential to their operation. Fourth, we need to design the interactions between all elements of social machines: between machine and human, between humans mediated by machines, and between machines, humans and the data they use and generate. SOCIAM's work will be empirically grounded by a Social Machines Observatory to track, monitor and classify existing social machines and new ones as they evolve, and act as an early warning facility for disruptive new social machines.These lines of interlinked research will initially be tested and evaluated in the context of real-world applications in health, transport, policing and the drive towards open data cities (where all public data across an urban area is linked together) in collaboration with SOCIAM's partners. Putting research ideas into the field to encounter unvarnished reality provides a check as to their utility and durability. For example the Open City application will seek to harness citywide participation in shared problems (e.g. with health, transport and policing) exploiting common open data resources. SOCIAM will undertake a breadth of integrated research, engaging with real application contexts, including the use of our observatory for longitudinal studies, to provide cutting edge theory and practice for social computation and social machines. It will support fundamental research; the creation of a multidisciplinary team; collaboration with industry and government in realization of the research; promote growth and innovation - most importantly - impact in changing the direction of ICT.

社会机器 - 将研究在万维网上支持有目的的人类互动的开拓方法，这种互动是由Wikipedia和Galaxy Zoo等现象所用的。随着社区识别并解决自己的问题，利用他们的承诺，本地知识和嵌入式技能，不必依靠偏远的专家或政府，这些合作正在赋予他们的能力。类似的互动的特征是新出现的，新的集体问题解决方案的特征是，我们看到的（i）通过非常大规模的人参与的范围来解决（i）的范围，或者是通过网络访问的大规模参与（i），或者是数据，或者是数据的范围，或者是数据，或者是数据，或者数据访问（II）的数据，II），II（II），II，II），II，II），II，II，II），II，II），II，II），（II），II，II，II），II，II，ii，ii，ii，II）的访问权限。 （iii）对数据质量和（iv）直观接口的信心。“机器”曾经由程序员编程并由用户使用。网络及其大量参与已经溶解了这个边界：我们现在看到人们与内容互动的配置，彼此相互作用，以社交网站为代表。与其将协作的人类和机器部分分开（作为计算机科学传统上所做的那样），我们应该在它们周围画一条线，并将每个组件都视为机器本身，包括数字和人类组件 - 一种社交机器。这种思维的关键过渡承认了当今社会技术系统的现实。这种观点不是人类和计算机，而是共同发展的社会机器的生态系统。社会的野心是使我们能够建立社会机器来解决日常生活的常规任务以及紧急情况。其目的是发展理论和实践，以便我们可以创建下一代分散的数据密集型机器。了解当前一代成功的社会机器的属性将有助于我们建立下一个。研究承担了四个必要的任务。首先，鉴于社会必须承担确定问题，设计解决方案和处理问题解决的复杂性的许多负担，我们需要发现社会计算如何出现。需要将在线可扩展算法提供给用户服务。这使我们完成了第二个任务，提供了对包括用户生成的数据在内的数据网的无缝访问。第三，我们需要了解如何使社会机器负责并建立对其运营必不可少的信任。第四，我们需要设计社会机器的所有要素之间的相互作用：机器与人之间，人类之间的人类与机器介导的人之间以及机器，人类与他们使用和生成的数据之间的相互作用。社会机器的观测站将在经验上以经验为基础，以跟踪，监控和分类现有的社会机器，并在其发展过程中进行新的社会机器，并充当颠覆性新社交机器的预警设施。最初，这些相互联系的研究线将在实际，运输，particrant和Partban中的环境中进行测试和评估（这些在公共数据中的环境中（所有）在整个公共数据中的环境（所有），所有这些都在启用公共数据，所有这些都在整个公共数据中（所有），所有这些都可以在公共数据库中进行，这些数据是所有的，所有这些是在公共数据中的范围，所有这些都将在整个公共数据中融合在一起。与Sociam的合作伙伴。将研究思想纳入现场以遇到不变的现实，为其效用和耐用性提供了检查。例如，开放的城市申请将旨在利用全市参与共同的问题（例如健康，运输和警务）利用共同的开放数据资源。 Sociam将进行整体研究的广度，与真实的应用环境相关，包括使用我们的观测站用于纵向研究，为社会计算和社会机器提供尖端的理论和实践。它将支持基本研究；创建一个多学科团队；与行业和政府的合作，以实现研究；促进增长和创新 - 最重要的是 - 影响改变ICT方向。

项目成果

Public responses to the sharing and linkage of health data for research purposes: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies.

• DOI: 10.1186/s12910-016-0153-x
• 发表时间: 2016-11-10
• 期刊: BMC medical ethics
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Aitken M;de St Jorre J;Pagliari C;Jepson R;Cunningham-Burley S
• 通讯作者: Cunningham-Burley S

DNA

脱氧核糖核酸

• DOI: 10.1145/2786451.2786511
• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Brown I

Towards a taxonomy for web observatories

网络观测站的分类

• DOI: 10.1145/2567948.2579212
• 发表时间: 2014
• 作者: Brown I

Crime applications and social machines

犯罪应用程序和社交机器

• DOI: 10.1145/2487788.2488075
• 发表时间: 2013
• 作者: Byrne Evans M

Databases and Programming

数据库和编程

• DOI: 10.1145/2676726.2682620
• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Buneman P