A SINGLE PROCESS THEORY OF VISUAL SEARCH

视觉搜索的单一过程理论

基本信息

批准号：
3377767
负责人：
DONALD Lloyd FISHER
金额：
$ 4.35万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1985
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1985-05-01 至 1988-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3377767
关键词：
biological information processing mathematical model psychophysics visual feedback visual fields visual pathways visual perception visual stimulus visual tracking

项目摘要

The great majority of studies of visual search have suggested that behavior is either one of two types. In some cases, it appears that capacity is unlimited, stimuli are processed in parallel and attention is spread out over the entire visual field. In other cases, it appears that capacity is limited, stimuli are processed in series, and attention is narrowly focused on a single stimulus. Dual process theories have been used to explain why the type of stimulus materials, the level of practice and the consistency of the mapping of stimuli to responses determines which of the two types of behavior will be observed. Recently, it has been argued that the dual process theories are too extreme. The overall goal of the proposed research is to develop an alternative single process theory that can better explain the changes in behavior in visual search tasks that occur with changes in stimuli, practice and mapping. First, tests will be made of a model of central processing which assumes that the number of comparison channels varies in predictable ways with the type of task (an extension of Fisher's limited channel model). Second, tests will be made of changes in the size of the effective visual field which occur with changes in the type of task using a Stanford Research Institute Eye Tracker. These results will help determine whether the comparison channels are spatially arrayed over the visual field. Finally, tests will be made of the effect on performance of variations in the number of critical features to which attention must be paid. These results will suggest whether the actual function of the comparison channels is changing with changes in stimuli, practice and mapping. When fully articulated, the single process theory should provide a complete account of how the number of channels, the focus of attention, and the activity on each channel varies with the nature of the task. Finally, the above research has an applied significance. In particular, it may help determine the sources of the observed information processing deficits in schizophrenics.

大多数视觉搜索研究表明行为是两种类型之一。在某些情况下，似乎能力是无限，刺激并行处理，注意力分布在整个视野中。在其他情况下，似乎能力是有限的，刺激是串联处理的，注意力狭义地聚焦在一个刺激上。双重过程理论已被用来解释为什么刺激材料的类型，实践水平和一致性刺激对响应的映射确定了两种类型的哪种将观察到行为。最近，有人认为双重过程理论也是极端。拟议研究的总体目标是开发替代单个过程理论，可以更好地解释随着刺激变化而发生的视觉搜索任务的行为，练习和映射。首先，将对中央模型进行测试假设比较渠道数量的处理在任务类型的可预测方式（Fisher有限的扩展频道模型）。其次，将对更改大小的变化进行测试有效的视野随着任务类型的变化而发生的有效视野斯坦福大学研究所的眼球跟踪器。这些结果将有助于确定比较通道是否在视觉上空间驱动场地。最后，将对对性能的影响进行测试注意力必须是关键特征数量的变化有薪酬的。这些结果将表明是否的实际功能是否比较渠道随着刺激，实践和映射。完全阐明时，单个过程理论应提供完整地说明频道数量，关注的重点，每个通道上的活动随任务的性质而变化。最后，上述研究具有应用于重要性。特别是可能有助于确定观察到的信息处理的来源精神分裂症患者的缺陷。