BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme: Delivering Sustainable Wheat (DSW) Partner Grant

BBSRC 研究所战略计划：提供可持续小麦 (DSW) 合作伙伴赠款

• 批准号: BB/Y003055/1
• 负责人: Arjan Verschoor
• 金额: $ 4.15万
• 依托单位: University of East Anglia
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FY003055%2F1
• 关键词: BBSRC; Institute; Strategic; Programme; Delivering

Delivering Sustainable Wheat (DSW) programme is needed because wheat is an indispensable global staple and the major crop of the UK and Western Europe. Wheat will play a crucial part in feeding a world population of 10B by 2050 but its production is fragile as more than half the world supply is from just five countries. This fragility has been tragically demonstrated by the war in Ukraine, an important wheat exporter. Future increases in wheat production have to be achieved without equivalent growth in fertiliser (nitrogen fertilisers are a major source of greenhouse gasses) and water use (all wheat growing regions suffer ground water decline). While facing these challenges farmers are also confronted with yield limiting effects of climate change and new diseases. Adaptations are needed to achieve sustainable production in the coming decades. Wheat also plays an important role in delivering human nutrition. With further enhancements, reductions in human misery and healthcare costs are possible by filling dietary gaps with more nutritious wheat. DSW will form a uniquely coordinated UK contribution to these challenges with strong linkages to the international wheat community. It is in a strong position to do this because the current wheat programme (DFW) has developed a world leading experimental platform for wheat research. Extensive specialist gene discovery populations allow us to sample the majority of natural diversity available and to show which elements of this diversity are useful for breeders in tackling the challenges described. DFW uncovered the genetic code for 1000s of these lines. This means that after locating useful genes DSW can understand their role in molecular networks controlling targeted characteristics. With gene editing the function of these DNA changes will be proved. These tools and resources, accessible because of open and fair data access, are powerful but need to be directed towards the right questions. DSW is focussed on crop characteristics chosen in long term discussion with the widest possible group of wheat experts. It will advance understanding of yield determination to increase productivity without equal rates of increase in fertiliser use, so minimising CO2 emissions. Alternative strategies of wheat development which increases yield with minimal sensitivity to temperature will be uncovered. DSW will even investigate how wheat can be a CO2 sink and achieve Net Zero status, for example by deep rooting and assess these new characteristics in farming systems that reflect changes in agriculture, such as the move from ploughing to reduced cultivation practices. This research depends on a deep understanding of the dynamic process of photosynthesis. DSW will identify new disease resistances for existing disease threats and play its part in predicting new threats. Long term solutions for sustainable disease resistance will be found and incorporated into sustainable integrated pest management programmes. The goal to increase nutritional benefits of wheat will focus on Iron, Zinc, Calcium and fibre. For the first time, the wheat programme will conduct human intervention trials to provide direct evidence for the physiological benefits of nutritionally improved wheat. At the heart of the programme, open and fair data access will ensure that DSW delivers. Again, DSW has set up the platform that this excellent research can be translated into progress for plant breeders. DSW invests in pre-breeding so that the new genes, knowledge and new types of wheat feed into breeding. This highly integrated cross disciplinary programme could not be achieved by any one institution. DSW brings together the complementary skills of four research Institutes (John Innes Centre, Rothamsted, Quadram Institute, and Earlham) and five universities (Leeds, Nottingham, Lancaster, Bristol, and Imperial College) and the National Institute of Agricultural Botany.

需要实施可持续小麦 (DSW) 计划，因为小麦是全球不可或缺的主粮，也是英国和西欧的主要作物。到 2050 年，小麦将在养活世界 10B 人口方面发挥关键作用，但其产量很脆弱，因为世界供应量的一半以上仅来自五个国家。重要小麦出口国乌克兰的战争悲惨地证明了这种脆弱性。未来小麦产量的增加必须在化肥（氮肥是温室气体的主要来源）和用水（所有小麦种植区都遭受地下水下降）的同等增长的情况下实现。在面临这些挑战的同时，农民还面临着气候变化和新疾病对产量的限制。为了在未来几十年实现可持续生产，需要进行适应性调整。小麦在提供人类营养方面也发挥着重要作用。随着进一步的改进，通过用更有营养的小麦来填补饮食缺口，可以减少人类的痛苦和医疗费用。 DSW 将通过与国际小麦界的紧密联系，为英国应对这些挑战做出独特协调的贡献。它在这方面处于有利地位，因为当前的小麦计划（DFW）已经开发了世界领先的小麦研究实验平台。广泛的专业基因发现群体使我们能够对大多数可用的自然多样性进行采样，并展示这种多样性的哪些元素对育种者应对所描述的挑战有用。 DFW 发现了数千个此类品系的遗传密码。这意味着在定位有用基因后，DSW 可以了解它们在控制目标特征的分子网络中的作用。通过基因编辑，这些DNA变化的功能将被证明。这些工具和资源可以通过开放和公平的数据访问而获得，功能强大，但需要针对正确的问题。 DSW 的重点是与尽可能广泛的小麦专家组进行长期讨论后选择的作物特性。它将加深对产量确定的理解，从而在不增加肥料使用率的情况下提高生产力，从而最大限度地减少二氧化碳排放。将揭示小麦发育的替代策略，即以对温度的敏感性最小的方式提高产量。 DSW 甚至将研究小麦如何成为二氧化碳汇并实现净零状态，例如通过深根扎根，并评估反映农业变化的农业系统的这些新特征，例如从耕作方式转向减少耕作方式。这项研究依赖于对光合作用动态过程的深入理解。 DSW 将识别现有疾病威胁的新抗病性，并在预测新威胁方面发挥作用。将找到可持续抗病性的长期解决方案，并将其纳入可持续综合害虫管理计划。增加小麦营养价值的目标将集中在铁、锌、钙和纤维上。小麦计划将首次进行人类干预试验，为营养改良小麦的生理益处提供直接证据。作为该计划的核心，开放和公平的数据访问将确保 DSW 实现目标。 DSW 再次建立了一个平台，使这项出色的研究能够转化为植物育种者的进步。 DSW 投资于预育种，以便将新基因、知识和新型小麦用于育种。这一高度综合的跨学科项目是任何一个机构都无法实现的。 DSW 汇集了四个研究所（约翰·英尼斯中心、洛桑斯特德、Quadram 研究所和厄勒姆）和五所大学（利兹、诺丁汉、兰卡斯特、布里斯托尔和帝国理工学院）以及国家农业植物研究所的互补技能。