Horticulture: Development of Fusarium wilt resistance in celery and understanding of pathogen virulence factors to underpin UK and EU biosecurity

园艺：芹菜中镰刀菌枯萎病抗性的发展以及对病原体毒力因子的了解，以支持英国和欧盟的生物安全

• 批准号: BB/X011828/1
• 负责人: John Clarkson
• 金额: $ 5.88万
• 依托单位: University of Warwick
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FX011828%2F1
• 关键词: Horticulture; Development; Fusarium; wilt; resistance

The Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) fungal species complex includes more than 100 different pathogenic formae speciales (f.spp.) adapted to specific hosts, including important crops such as celery, lettuce, tomato and herbs such as coriander. Fo pathogens continue to spread globally with some responsible for major pandemics, most notably Fo f.sp. cubense causing Panama disease on banana. The impact of Fo pathogens is often substantial with complete crop loss not unusual, and this has been exacerbated by an absence of biosecurity measures and the lack of foresight in developing and deploying plant resistance in advance of new Fo f.spp. and races arriving from other regions. Fo f.sp. apii (Foa) causes Fusarium wilt of celery and is the most important and significant disease affecting production. Infection occurs through the roots and is initiated by long-lived spores in the soil. The plant's vascular system becomes invaded leading to stunting, yellowing and wilting. Control of Foa is very challenging with high losses as fungicides and rotations are ineffective; hence the development of plant resistance is a priority. However, like some other Fo f.spp., new Foa races have evolved which overcome resistance. Four races of Foa exist with the recently emerged race 4 the most damaging in the absence of resistance in commercial celery. Furthermore, unlike other Foa races, Foa4 can also cause disease on coriander. There is therefore an urgent need to develop high level resistance to this disease in celery and assess impact on coriander in the UK. Currently Foa mainly affects celery production in the USA and China but there is a very high risk of the pathogen spreading to major crop and seed production areas in Europe such as Spain, Italy and the UK where conditions are already suitable, but which will become more conducive with climate change. Celery is a major crop worldwide and is an important part of a healthy diet as it is high in fibre, minerals and vitamins. The biggest producers of celery are the USA and Spain but there is also substantial production in the UK. Significantly, UK-based Gs Growers who are the biggest producer of celery in Europe grow a large proportion of their crop in Spain for all year-round supply. The crop is also critical for project partner Tozer Seeds as they are one of the major celery breeders and seed suppliers worldwide. It is therefore very important that celery crops in Europe and the UK are protected against future arrival of Foa4.The main aim of this project is to address the challenge of Fusarium wilt by identifying new sources of resistance to Foa4 in a diverse set of celery types from Tozer Seeds. In addition, we will also assess the response of selected commercial coriander lines to the pathogen. As the genomes of the celery diversity set have just been sequenced, we will also identify parts of the genome and variations in gene sequences associated with this resistance in order to develop DNA markers. These can significantly speed up breeding new varieties as resistance is easily identified by DNA analysis without the need for a plant test. Lastly, we will also carry out genome sequencing of Foa isolates from different races as well as an isolate of Fo from coriander to identify gene candidates involved in pathogenicity. This will highlight differences between Foa races but also allow specific diagnostic targets to be identified for development of rapid DNA-based tests for the pathogen. These could then be employed as a biosecurity measure for detection of Foa4 outbreaks in the field or the presence of the pathogen in imported celery plants or seed.Overall, the project will provide the first important steps for breeding celery cultivars resistant to Fusarium wilt as well as a rapid specific test for Foa4 and other races. These outcomes will therefore benefit celery breeders, producers and consumers as well as plant health agencies by mitigating the biosecurity risk of the pathogen.

尖孢镰刀菌 (Fo) 真菌物种复合体包括 100 多种不同的致病性特殊真菌 (f.spp.)，适应特定宿主，包括芹菜、生菜、番茄等重要作物和香菜等草本植物。 Fo 病原体继续在全球传播，其中一些病原体导致了重大流行病，其中最著名的是 Fo f.sp。 cubense 引起香蕉巴拿马病。 Fo 病原体的影响通常很大，作物完全损失并不罕见，而由于缺乏生物安全措施以及在新的 Fo f.spp 出现之前缺乏远见来开发和部署植物抗性，这种情况更加严重。以及来自其他地区的比赛。 Fo f.sp。 apii (Foa)引起芹菜枯萎病，是影响生产最重要、最显着的病害。感染通过根部发生，并由土壤中的长寿命孢子引发。植物的维管系统受到入侵，导致发育迟缓、变黄和枯萎。由于杀菌剂和轮作无效，对 Foa 的控制非常具有挑战性，损失很高；因此，发展植物抗性是当务之急。然而，像其他一些 Foa f.spp. 一样，新的 Foa 种族已经进化，克服了阻力。 Foa 存在四个小种，其中最近出现的第 4 种小种在商业芹菜缺乏抗性的情况下最具破坏性。此外，与其他 Foa 种族不同，Foa4 也会导致香菜患病。因此，迫切需要在芹菜中培养对这种疾病的高水平抵抗力，并评估对英国香菜的影响。目前，Foa 主要影响美国和中国的芹菜生产，但病原体传播到西班牙、意大利和英国等欧洲主要作物和种子生产区的风险非常高，这些地区的条件已经适合，但将变得更加困难。有利于应对气候变化。芹菜是世界范围内的主要农作物，是健康饮食的重要组成部分，因为它富含纤维、矿物质和维生素。最大的芹菜生产国是美国和西班牙，但英国也有大量生产。值得注意的是，总部位于英国的 Gs Growers 是欧洲最大的芹菜生产商，其大部分作物在西班牙种植，以供全年供应。该作物对于项目合作伙伴 Tozer Seeds 也至关重要，因为他们是全球主要的芹菜育种者和种子供应商之一。因此，保护​​欧洲和英国的芹菜作物免受 Foa4 的未来侵害非常重要。该项目的主要目的是通过在多种芹菜类型中识别新的 Foa4 抗性来源来应对镰刀菌枯萎病的挑战来自托泽种子。此外，我们还将评估选定的商业香菜品系对病原体的反应。由于芹菜多样性集的基因组刚刚完成测序，我们还将鉴定与这种抗性相关的部分基因组和基因序列变异，以便开发 DNA 标记。这些可以显着加快新品种的培育速度，因为通过 DNA 分析可以轻松识别抗性，而无需进行植物测试。最后，我们还将对不同种族的 Foa 分离物以及香菜中的 Foa 分离物进行基因组测序，以鉴定与致病性相关的候选基因。这将凸显 Foa 种族之间的差异，同时也可以确定特定的诊断目标，以开发基于 DNA 的快速病原体检测。然后，这些可以用作生物安全措施，用于检测田间 Foa4 爆发或进口芹菜植物或种子中是否存在病原体。总体而言，该项目将为培育抗镰刀菌枯萎病的芹菜品种提供第一个重要步骤作为 Foa4 和其他种族的快速特定测试。因此，这些结果将通过减轻病原体的生物安全风险，使芹菜育种者、生产者和消费者以及植物卫生机构受益。