Pulse-Downy Mildew Pathosystem: deploying disease resistance, pathogenomics and microbial biocontrol

脉冲霜霉病病理系统：部署抗病性、病原学和微生物生物防治

• 批准号: BB/T016043/1
• 负责人: Mahmut Tör
• 金额: $ 51.45万
• 依托单位: University of Worcester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FT016043%2F1
• 关键词: Pulse; Downy; Mildew; Pathosystem; deploying

Pulses, in particular peas and broad beans, are important crops both in the UK and worldwide and they are grown as extensive monocultures. Even with long rotations, the crops are vulnerable to major epidemics of economically important pests and diseases, of which downy mildews (caused by the oomycete biotrophic pathogens Peronospora viciae f. sp. pisi (Pvp) and P. viciae f. sp. fabae (Pvf) in peas and beans, respectively) are the most serious. Breeding companies are challenged to produce cultivars with new resistance genes and will benefit from access to crop wild relatives carrying new resistance genes. The disease is managed through deployment of resistant varieties and chemical controls; however a lack of information on prevalent isolates can lead to serious yield losses in crops grown on contaminated sites through uninformed variety selection. Although a differential set of plant cultivars is available to identify the virulence genes in pathotypes of Pvp/Pvf, the test is too time-consuming to be of immediate use to commercial growers and does not allow rapid monitoring of the prevailing isolates. In addition, generating a model for pathogen spread is impossible using current methods. The problem is exacerbated by reports of resistance of oomycete pathogens to pesticides such as metelaxhyl. Without adequate control regimes, pea and broad bean production will incur greater crop wastage and it is therefore imperative that methods are developed to decrease growers' reliance on pesticides for the control of downy mildew. Deployment of pulse cultivars resistant to prevailing isolates is the most promising approach. Use of appropriate molecular tools will enable breeders, epidemiologists, modellers and growers to: a) identify the prevailing virulent isolate; b) investigate the epidemics of disease; c) monitor pathogen movement and d) deploy the appropriate cultivar(s) resistant to the prevailing isolate rapidly and thus control the disease in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner. Accurate advice to growers about resistant cultivars requires correct information on the virulence of Pvp/Pvf races within the locality. However, diagnosing the pathogen at the isolate level requires the right tools. The innovative approach described in this project focuses on the development of molecular tools for accurate identification of Pvp/Pvf isolates as well as for breeding for resistance. We aim to identify new resistance sources to include in breeding programmes and develop molecular markers to enable rapid identification and monitoring of pathogen isolates. We will use next generation sequencing to identify polymorphisms in several isolates. These polymorphisms will then be utilised to generate isolate-specific markers. Once identified, markers will be tested under laboratory conditions and subsequently will also be checked in commercial fields. In addition, we will use biological control agents to control downy mildew disease. These will lead to increased crop productivity, reduced reliance on pesticides and less wastage from diseased plants.

豆类，特别是豌豆和蚕豆，是英国和世界各地的重要作物，它们以广泛的单一栽培方式种植。即使轮作时间较长，作物也容易受到经济上重要的病虫害的影响，其中霜霉病（由卵菌生物营养病原体 Peronospora viciae f. sp. pisi (Pvp) 和 P. viciae f. sp. fabae 引起） Pvf）分别在豌豆和豆类中）最为严重。育种公司面临着培育具有新抗性基因的品种的挑战，并将受益于获得携带新抗性基因的作物野生近缘种。通过部署抗性品种和化学控制来控制该病害；然而，缺乏关于流行菌株的信息可能会导致污染场地种植的作物因不知情的品种选择而严重减产。尽管一组不同的植物品种可用于鉴定 Pvp/Pvf 致病型中的毒力基因，但该测试过于耗时，无法立即用于商业种植者，并且无法快速监测流行的分离株。此外，使用现有方法不可能生成病原体传播模型。有关卵菌病原体对甲氧灵等杀虫剂产生抗药性的报道加剧了这一问题。如果没有适当的控制制度，豌豆和蚕豆生产将导致更大的作物浪费，因此必须开发方法来减少种植者对控制霜霉病的农药的依赖。部署对流行菌株具有抗性的豆类品种是最有前途的方法。使用适当的分子工具将使育种者、流行病学家、建模者和种植者能够： a) 识别流行的毒力分离株； b) 调查疾病流行情况； c) 监测病原体的移动； d) 迅速部署对流行分离株具有抗性的适当品种，从而以环境友好和可持续的方式控制疾病。向种植者提供有关抗性品种的准确建议需要有关当地 Pvp/Pvf 品种毒力的正确信息。然而，在分离水平上诊断病原体需要正确的工具。该项目描述的创新方法侧重于开发分子工具，用于准确鉴定 Pvp/Pvf 分离株以及抗性育种。我们的目标是确定新的抗性来源，将其纳入育种计划，并开发分子标记，以便能够快速识别和监测病原体分离株。我们将使用下一代测序来鉴定几个分离株的多态性。然后，这些多态性将用于生成分离株特异性标记。一旦确定，标记将在实验室条件下进行测试，随后还将在商业领域进行检查。此外，我们将使用生物防治剂来防治霜霉病。这些将提高作物生产力，减少对农药的依赖，并减少患病植物的浪费。

项目成果

Comparison of Antifungal Activity of Bacillus Strains against Fusarium graminearum In Vitro and In Planta.

芽孢杆菌菌株对禾谷镰刀菌体外和植物抗真菌活性的比较。

• DOI: http://dx.10.3390/plants11151999
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
• 作者: Jimenez

Recent developments in plant-downy mildew interactions.

植物与霜霉病相互作用的最新进展。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.010
• 发表时间: 2023-01-01
• 期刊: Seminars in cell & developmental biology
• 影响因子: 7.3
• 作者: M. Tör;T. Wood;A. Webb;D. Göl;J. McDowell
• 通讯作者: J. McDowell