Discovery of a symbiotic signalling mechanism from maize.

发现玉米共生信号机制。

• 批准号: BB/V002295/1
• 负责人: Uta Paszkowski
• 金额: $ 26.02万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FV002295%2F1
• 关键词: Discovery; symbiotic; signalling; mechanism; maize.

Symbioses are fundamental to life on the Earth. One such example, known as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, evolved between fungi and plants to facilitate mineral uptake from the soil around 450 mya. This symbiotic arrangement is so widespread that it impacts on ecosystem productivity, and is considered of fundamental importance for crop productivity and sustainability. Generating understanding of the processes that underpin AM symbiosis development and functioning are thus of universal relevance across the plant kingdom. The establishment of functional symbioses relies on the fine-tuned orchestration of signals to achieve coordination of the interacting plant and AM fungus. Identification and analysis of mutant plants have formed the bedrock of our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underpin the interspecies crosstalk allowing this symbiosis. Reciprocal recognition and plant and AM fungi in the rhizosphere are central to the outcome of the symbiosis and presently poorly understood. The Paszkowski lab has previously discovered key genes from cereals that condition pre-symbiotic recognition [Gutjahr et al. (2015) Science 350:1521; Nadal et al. (2017) Nature Plants 3:17073] and most recently, has identified the independent of arbuscular mycorrhiza (ina) maize mutant. Maize ina plants show a complete loss of susceptibility to AM fungi, which can however be complemented by the addition of wild-type but not ina mutant root exudates. This is a unique phenotype that has not been described before, suggesting that INA is part of a new pathway, indispensable for pre-symbiotic signalling in maize.Positional cloning revealed that a deletion with three candidate genes co-segregated with the mutant phenotype. To discover the INA gene identity additional CRISPR/Cas9-edited maize alleles are presently produced and will be available at the end of 2020. It is the aim of this 18 months grant to use the new maize mutant material to discover the INA gene identity, employing our standard phenotyping protocols. In addition it seeks to provide a first insight into the role INA plays by determining the transcriptome underpinning of the inability of ina to engage with AM fungi.Knowledge of the nature of the INA gene will guide future research directions and will pave the way to discover a novel communication strategy for the most prevalent plant symbiosis on Earth.

共生是地球生命的基础。一个这样的例子，称为羊膜菌根（AM）共生，在真菌和植物之间演变，以促进450 Mya左右的土壤矿物质吸收。这种共生安排非常普遍，以至于影响生态系统的生产力，并且认为对作物生产力和可持续性至关重要。因此，在整个植物王国中，了解基于AM共生发展和功能的过程的过程具有普遍的相关性。功能共生的建立依赖于信号的微调编排，以实现相互作用的植物和AM真菌的协调。对突变植物的识别和分析已经形成了我们对基于种间串扰的分子机制的理解的基础，从而允许这种共生。互惠识别和植物以及根际中的真菌是共生结果的核心，​​目前知之甚少。 Paszkowski实验室以前已经从谷物中发现了关键基因，这些基因可以调理良生生物识别的良好识别[Gutjahr等。 （2015）科学350：1521; Nadal等。 （2017）自然植物3：17073]，最近，已经确定了独立于羊膜菌根（INA）玉米突变体。玉米INA植物显示出对AM真菌的敏感性的完全损失，但是，可以通过添加野生型，但不能补充野生型，但不能补充Ina突变根渗出液。这是以前尚未描述的独特表型，表明INA是新途径的一部分，对于玉米中的共生信号来说是必不可少的。位置克隆表明，与突变体表型共隔离的三个候选基因的缺失。为了发现INA基因身份，目前生产了其他CRISPR/CAS9编辑的玉米等位基因，并将在2020年底提供。这是该18个月赠款的目的，使用新的玉米突变材料来发现INA基因身份，并采用我们的标准表型方案。此外，它试图通过确定INA无法与Am Fungi互动的基础INA的角色首先了解INA扮演的角色。了解INA基因本质的知识将指导未来的研究方向，并将为最普遍的植物植物伴随地球上的新型沟通策略铺平道路。