Discovery of a symbiotic signalling mechanism from maize.

发现玉米共生信号机制。

• 批准号: BB/V002295/1
• 负责人: Uta Paszkowski
• 金额: $ 26.02万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FV002295%2F1
• 关键词: Discovery; symbiotic; signalling; mechanism; maize.

Symbioses are fundamental to life on the Earth. One such example, known as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, evolved between fungi and plants to facilitate mineral uptake from the soil around 450 mya. This symbiotic arrangement is so widespread that it impacts on ecosystem productivity, and is considered of fundamental importance for crop productivity and sustainability. Generating understanding of the processes that underpin AM symbiosis development and functioning are thus of universal relevance across the plant kingdom. The establishment of functional symbioses relies on the fine-tuned orchestration of signals to achieve coordination of the interacting plant and AM fungus. Identification and analysis of mutant plants have formed the bedrock of our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underpin the interspecies crosstalk allowing this symbiosis. Reciprocal recognition and plant and AM fungi in the rhizosphere are central to the outcome of the symbiosis and presently poorly understood. The Paszkowski lab has previously discovered key genes from cereals that condition pre-symbiotic recognition [Gutjahr et al. (2015) Science 350:1521; Nadal et al. (2017) Nature Plants 3:17073] and most recently, has identified the independent of arbuscular mycorrhiza (ina) maize mutant. Maize ina plants show a complete loss of susceptibility to AM fungi, which can however be complemented by the addition of wild-type but not ina mutant root exudates. This is a unique phenotype that has not been described before, suggesting that INA is part of a new pathway, indispensable for pre-symbiotic signalling in maize.Positional cloning revealed that a deletion with three candidate genes co-segregated with the mutant phenotype. To discover the INA gene identity additional CRISPR/Cas9-edited maize alleles are presently produced and will be available at the end of 2020. It is the aim of this 18 months grant to use the new maize mutant material to discover the INA gene identity, employing our standard phenotyping protocols. In addition it seeks to provide a first insight into the role INA plays by determining the transcriptome underpinning of the inability of ina to engage with AM fungi.Knowledge of the nature of the INA gene will guide future research directions and will pave the way to discover a novel communication strategy for the most prevalent plant symbiosis on Earth.

共生是地球生命的基础。其中一个例子被称为丛枝菌根 (AM) 共生，它在真菌和植物之间进化，以促进从土壤中吸收约 450 米的矿物质。这种共生安排如此广泛，以至于影响了生态系统的生产力，并被认为对作物生产力和可持续性至关重要。因此，了解支持 AM 共生发展和功能的过程对于整个植物界具有普遍意义。功能共生的建立依赖于信号的微调，以实现植物和 AM 真菌相互作用的协调。突变植物的鉴定和分析构成了我们理解支持种间串扰允许这种共生的分子机制的基础。根际的相互识别以及植物和 AM 真菌是共生结果的核心，​​但目前人们对此知之甚少。 Paszkowski 实验室此前已从谷物中发现了影响共生前识别的关键基因 [Gutjahr et al., 2017]。 (2015) 科学 350:1521;纳达尔等人。 (2017) Nature Plants 3:17073] 最近，已鉴定出独立的丛枝菌根 (ina) 玉米突变体。玉米在植物中表现出对AM真菌的敏感性完全丧失，但是可以通过添加野生型而非突变型根分泌物来补充。这是以前从未描述过的独特表型，表明 INA 是新途径的一部分，对于玉米中的前共生信号传导是不可或缺的。定位克隆揭示了三个候选基因的缺失与突变表型共分离。为了发现 INA 基因身份，目前正在生产额外的 CRISPR/Cas9 编辑的玉米等位基因，并将于 2020 年底提供。这笔为期 18 个月的资助的目的是使用新的玉米突变体材料来发现 INA 基因身份，采用我们的标准表型分析方案。此外，它还试图通过确定 INA 无法与 AM 真菌接触的转录组基础，首次深入了解 INA 所发挥的作用。对 INA 基因性质的了解将指导未来的研究方向，并为发现 INA 基因铺平道路。地球上最普遍的植物共生的一种新颖的沟通策略。