A Community Resource for Wheat and Rice Transformation

小麦和水稻转化的社区资源

• 批准号: BB/R014876/1
• 负责人: Emma Wallington
• 金额: $ 134.43万
• 依托单位: National Institute of Agricultural Botany
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FR014876%2F1
• 关键词: Community; Resource; Wheat; Rice; Transformation

Rice and wheat are two of the world's most important crops. In 2017, global wheat and rice production is forecast to reach 749 and 503 million tonnes respectively. Despite this, global food security analysts estimate that food production needs to double to feed 9.5 billion people by 2050. As our climate changes in the future we will need wheat and rice varieties which are better adapted to drought and reduced fertilizer inputs, and are resistant to new pests and diseases to maintain a sustainable supply of affordable, nutritious and safe food. Breeding these new climate-adapted varieties has to start now, based on genetic research which uses all the available tools to study gene function and regulation. Many technologies will contribute to tackling these targets and it is inevitable that genetic modification (GM) will make a contribution. This will either be directly, with the development and introduction of GM wheat varieties with new traits, or indirectly, as a research tool to better understand how trait genes function.GM crops have to date have largely been confined to traits giving resistance to herbicides or insects, but a new generation of traits which confer drought tolerance, disease resistance, yield improvements or health benefits are now being examined which will have an important role to play in achieving food security and future increases in production. Some of these genes come from other crop species and would be impossible to study in cereals without GM.The Community Resource in Wheat and Rice Transformation will make it easier and more cost effective for UK academic researchers to access our high throughput wheat and rice transformation systems. It will encourage plant scientists working in other species to evaluate their genes in these important crops, and provide valuable materials for further research. In addition, the funding will also allow the technology to advance, increasing both the genetic tools available for gene expression and the opportunities to fine tune or abolish the expression of targeted genes in wheat.

水稻和小麦是世界上最重要的两种作物。 2017年，全球小麦和稻米产量预计将分别达到749万吨和5.03亿吨。尽管如此，全球粮食安全分析师估计，到 2050 年，粮食产量需要增加一倍才能养活 95 亿人。随着未来气候变化，我们将需要更能适应干旱、减少化肥投入且具有抗逆性的小麦和水稻品种应对新的病虫害，以维持负担得起的、营养丰富和安全的食品的可持续供应。培育这些适应气候的新品种必须从现在开始，以基因研究为基础，利用所有可用的工具来研究基因功能和调控。许多技术将有助于解决这些目标，而基因改造（GM）将不可避免地做出贡献。这要么是直接的，随着具有新性状的转基因小麦品种的开发和引入，要么是间接的，作为更好地了解性状基因如何发挥作用的研究工具。迄今为止，转基因作物在很大程度上仅限于对除草剂或抗性的性状。昆虫，但目前正在研究赋予耐旱、抗病、提高产量或健康益处的新一代性状，这些性状将在实现粮食安全和未来增产方面发挥重要作用。其中一些基因来自其他作物物种，如果没有转基因，就不可能在谷物中进行研究。小麦和水稻转化社区资源将使英国学术研究人员更容易且更具成本效益地访问我们的高通量小麦和水稻转化系统。它将鼓励研究其他物种的植物科学家评估这些重要作物的基因，并为进一步研究提供有价值的材料。此外，这笔资金还将推动技术进步，增加可用于基因表达的遗传工具以及微调或废除小麦中目标基因表达的机会。

项目成果

Wheat NAC transcription factor NAC5-1 is a positive regulator of senescence

小麦 NAC 转录因子 NAC5-1 是衰老的正调节因子

• DOI: http://dx.10.1101/2024.02.02.578592
• 发表时间: 2024
• 作者: Evans C

Turning Up the Temperature on CRISPR: Increased Temperature Can Improve the Editing Efficiency of Wheat Using CRISPR/Cas9.

调高 CRISPR 温度：提高温度可以提高使用 CRISPR/Cas9 的小麦编辑效率。

• DOI: http://dx.10.3389/fpls.2020.583374
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Frontiers in plant science
• 作者: Milner MJ

CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing of Gluten in Wheat to Reduce Gluten Content and Exposure-Reviewing Methods to Screen for Coeliac Safety.

对小麦中的麸质进行 CRISPR/Cas9 基因编辑以降低麸质含量，以及筛选乳糜泻安全性的暴露审查方法。

• DOI: http://dx.10.3389/fnut.2020.00051
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Frontiers in nutrition
• 作者: Jouanin A