Understanding the relationship between gill disease and immune status

了解鳃病与免疫状态之间的关系

• 批准号: BB/R008442/1
• 负责人: Samuel Martin
• 金额: $ 31.26万
• 依托单位: University of Aberdeen
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FR008442%2F1
• 关键词: Understanding; relationship; between; gill; disease

Fish are a major source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids. With the decline in fisheries worldwide, fish farming has increased to fill the gap and currently supplies around half of all fish consumed. Production must continue to increase in order to supply the increasing human population. The Atlantic salmon farming industry has been a major success story in Scotland, the third largest producer of Atlantic salmon globally, and is a major employer in rural areas. The sustainability of the aquaculture industry relies on good management of fish health and effective control of diseases. Within Scottish salmon farming, control of sea lice and improvement of gill health are currently the two most important health issues that the sector faces. Gill health impacts on the performance of fish at sea, and the need for expensive and often poorly efficacious therapeutic treatments. Lack of information of host (salmon) responses in gills in different disease states has been highlighted at several recent industry-led workshops in Scotland. Therefore this application proposes to address this issue by undertaking an in-depth study of the genes expressed in gills following exposure to a major gill parasite that causes amoebic gill disease (AGD), using archived samples from a past study. We will determine whether the gill, as a multifunctional organ responsible for oxygen uptake, osmoregulation, as well as defence at a major point of entry for pathogens, has a limited scope to react to pathogens in fish. We will focus on elucidating the wound healing pathways activated and the growth factors potentially released that cause tissue remodelling, since many gill diseases cause similar pathologies, in terms of lamellar fusion and epithelial cell hyperplasia. The data from this initial study will also be used to identify candidate biomarkers relevant for gill health, to be used for further studyNext we will undertake qPCR analysis of the biomarkers in a variety of gill disease states. Gill samples from farmed fish will be collected during the late summer/autumn of 2017/18 by our collaborators, when gill disease is most prevalent. Initially the gill samples will be screened for pathogen presence to confirm the species causing the pathology and whether single or co-infections are involved. The biomarker analysis will reveal if common pathways are seen in different disease states, allowing the potential to alter these pathways to improve gill health against multiple diseases.Lastly, we will try to modulate the gill responses using different immunomodulators to establish if this approach can improve gill health/ disease protection. We will focus on administration of a 4 molecules that we know are potent inducers of pro-inflammatory pathways or anti-viral defences. They will include flagellin, poly I:C and two cytokines (IL-1beta and IFN-gamma, from a related salmonid the rainbow trout) that are available in our lab as recombinant protein ready for use, or can be purchased (poly I:C). Following administration we will sample gill tissue over a time course and examine the impact on the biomarkers identified earlier in the programme, as well as on known antimicrobial and anti-viral pathways. The best modulator of gill responses will be trialled on a salmon site by our industrial collaborator to assess the impact on gill health.

鱼是蛋白质和 omega-3 脂肪酸的主要来源。随着全球渔业的衰退，鱼类养殖业已增加，以填补缺口，目前供应了大约一半的鱼类消费。生产必须继续增加才能供应不断增加的人口。大西洋鲑鱼养殖业是苏格兰的一个重大成功故事，苏格兰是全球第三大大西洋鲑鱼生产国，也是农村地区的主要雇主。水产养殖业的可持续性依赖于对鱼类健康的良好管理和疾病的有效控制。在苏格兰鲑鱼养殖中，控制海虱和改善鳃健康是该行业目前面临的两个最重要的健康问题。鳃的健康影响着海上鱼类的生产性能，并且需要昂贵且通常效果不佳的治疗方法。最近在苏格兰举行的几个行业主导的研讨会强调了不同疾病状态下宿主（鲑鱼）鳃反应信息的缺乏。因此，本申请建议通过使用过去研究的存档样本，对暴露于导致阿米巴鳃病（AGD）的主要鳃寄生虫后在鳃中表达的基因进行深入研究来解决这个问题。我们将确定鳃作为负责摄氧、渗透调节以及病原体主要进入点防御的多功能器官，对鱼类病原体的反应范围是否有限。我们将重点阐明激活的伤口愈合途径和可能释放的导致组织重塑的生长因子，因为许多鳃疾病在板层融合和上皮细胞增生方面引起类似的病理。这项初步研究的数据还将用于识别与鳃健康相关的候选生物标志物，用于进一步研究接下来我们将对各种鳃疾病状态下的生物标志物进行 qPCR 分析。我们的合作者将于 2017/2018 年夏末/秋季采集养殖鱼类的鳃样本，此时鳃病最为流行。最初，将筛选鳃样本中是否存在病原体，以确认引起病理的物种以及是否涉及单一感染或共同感染。生物标志物分析将揭示在不同疾病状态下是否存在共同途径，从而有可能改变这些途径以改善鳃健康以抵抗多种疾病。最后，我们将尝试使用不同的免疫调节剂调节鳃反应，以确定这种方法是否可以改善鳃健康/疾病保护。我们将重点关注 4 种分子的给药，我们知道它们是促炎途径或抗病毒防御的有效诱导剂。它们将包括鞭毛蛋白、poly I:C 和两种细胞因子（IL-1beta 和 IFN-gamma，来自相关的鲑鱼虹鳟鱼），这些细胞因子在我们的实验室中可以作为重组蛋白随时使用，也可以购买（poly I:C）。 C）。给药后，我们将在一段时间内对鳃组织进行采样，并检查对项目早期确定的生物标志物以及已知的抗菌和抗病毒途径的影响。我们的工业合作者将在鲑鱼现场试验最佳的鳃反应调节剂，以评估其对鳃健康的影响。

项目成果

Immunologic Profiling of the Atlantic Salmon Gill by Single Nuclei Transcriptomics.

通过单核转录组学对大西洋鲑鱼鳃进行免疫学分析。

• DOI: http://dx.10.3389/fimmu.2021.669889
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Frontiers in immunology
• 作者: West AC

Studies on the Use of Flagellin as an Immunostimulant and Vaccine Adjuvant in Fish Aquaculture.

鞭毛蛋白作为鱼类养殖中免疫增强剂和疫苗佐剂的研究。

• DOI: http://dx.10.3389/fimmu.2018.03054
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Frontiers in immunology
• 作者: Wangkahart E

Lineage/species-specific expansion of the Mx gene family in teleosts: Differential expression and modulation of nine Mx genes in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.

硬骨鱼中 Mx 基因家族的谱系/物种特异性扩展：虹鳟 Oncorhynchus mykiss 中九个 Mx 基因的差异表达和调节。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.303
• 发表时间: 2019-07-01
• 期刊: Fish & shellfish immunology
• 影响因子: 4.7
• 作者: Tingyu Wang;Fuguo Liu;G. Tian;C. Secombes;Tiehui Wang
• 通讯作者: Tiehui Wang

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) genetics in the 21st century: taking leaps forward in aquaculture and biological understanding.

21 世纪的大西洋鲑鱼 (Salmo salar L.) 遗传学：水产养殖和生物学理解的飞跃。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1111/age.12748
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Animal genetics
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Houston RD

Induction of IL-22 protein and IL-22-producing cells in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.

虹鳟 Oncorhynchus mykiss 中 IL-22 蛋白和 IL-22 产生细胞的诱导。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1016/j.dci.2019.103449
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Developmental and comparative immunology
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Hu Y