Improving agroforestry and silvopastoral systems in Latin America by maximising species and genetic diversity of the multipurpose legume Inga

通过最大限度地提高多用途豆科植物英加的物种和遗传多样性，改善拉丁美洲的农林业和林牧系统

• 批准号: BB/P022898/1
• 负责人: R. Toby Pennington
• 金额: $ 60.09万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FP022898%2F1
• 关键词: Improving; agroforestry; silvopastoral; systems; Latin

Tropical forest soils in the Amazon and many other parts of Latin America are generally nutrient-poor and unsuited to long-term agricultural use. Land converted to agriculture by cutting and burning natural vegetation tends to remain productive for only a few years, necessitating continual advance of the agricultural frontier, with accompanying deforestation, and generating situations of food insecurity and poverty.Agroforestry and silvopastoral systems, which incorporate trees into crop and livestock systems, have been shown to make a dramatic impact on the maintenance and restoration of long-term productivity in agricultural landscapes, including degraded and abandoned land, and are well suited to use by poor rural smallholders. They can provide major benefits through enhanced livelihoods and food security, as well as to local economies.Inga is a diverse genus of trees from the legume family, found across the humid tropics of Latin America. These fast-growing trees are able to capture nitrogen from the atmosphere and fertilise the soil around them. They can be grown in poor, degraded soils, out-competing weeds and invasive species. The value of native trees, including Inga, within agroforestry systems, where they are planted to provide a nurturing environment for crops, has been amply demonstrated by a number of projects, and is gaining momentum. However, this has been insufficiently explored. Most such systems have been developed around a limited genetic stock of a single species, Inga edulis, yet it performs best under a limited range of conditions and other Inga species are likely to provide equal if not greater benefits outside of this range, which would expand the geographic and ecological scope within which these systems can be applied.Emerging techniques in genetics offer the potential for rapid identification of species and genotypes of Inga with similar ecological characteristics, thus facilitating fast-tracking of appropriate candidates into field trials and ultimately into more productive landscapes. The project will apply state-of-the-art genetic approaches to complete a thorough analysis of the genus, focusing primarily on species in the Brazilian Amazon, identifying the most suitable species for agroforestry and silvo-pastoral systems. Critically, this selection of species will be done in consultation with stakeholders and smallholders, to ensure uptake and use of the selected species.Targeted field collection of tissue specimens and seeds from these species will support ongoing genetic research, and will be used to establish early-stage field trials in Mato Grosso (southern Amazon), both in controlled contexts and in agroforest systems. These will be monitored to assess a range of characters including growth rate, biomass and tree form, all of which are important indicators of their suitability. Longer-term monitoring, using protocols developed by the project, will provide further indication of their potential value within these systems.The project will be delivered in Brazil through collaborative partnerships between UK and Brazilian scientists. It aims to develop and demonstrate the effectiveness of a methodological approach that can form the basis for improved agroforestry and silvopastoral systems across Latin America. In the course of the project, the team will build a network of scientists and practitioners within Brazil and across other Latin American countries, facilitating the development of further research in this field and communicating its findings to a range of academics, practitioners of agroforestry and silvo-pastoral systems and the lay public, in both Latin America and the UK.

亚马逊和拉丁美洲许多其他地区的热带森林土壤通常是营养贫困的，不适合长期农业用途。通过切割和燃烧自然植被转变为农业的土地往往只有几年才能保持生产力，需要持续发展农业边界，伴随着森林砍伐，并产生粮食不安全感和贫困的情况。杂草捕食和储藏式的系统，使树木融合到农作物和液体中，并将​​其融合到农作物中，并将其融合到农作物中，并在农作物中融合了一项潮流。在农业景观中，包括退化和废弃的土地，非常适合贫穷的农村小农户使用。他们可以通过增强的生计和粮食安全以及当地经济来提供主要的好处。艾加是拉丁美洲潮湿的热带地区发现的豆类家族的树木属。这些快速生长的树木能够从大气中捕获氮并施肥周围的土壤。它们可以种植在贫穷，退化的土壤中，超越杂草和入侵物种。在农林业系统中，包括Inga在内的本地树木的价值已被许多项目播放，以提供农作物的养育环境，并正在增长势头。但是，这已经没有充分探索。 Most such systems have been developed around a limited genetic stock of a single species, Inga edulis, yet it performs best under a limited range of conditions and other Inga species are likely to provide equal if not greater benefits outside of this range, which would expand the geographic and ecological scope within which these systems can be applied.Emerging techniques in genetics offer the potential for rapid identification of species and genotypes of Inga with similar ecological characteristics, thus facilitating fast-tracking of适当的候选人参加现场试验，并最终进入更具生产力的景观。该项目将采用最新的遗传方法来完成对该属的彻底分析，主要集中在巴西亚马逊的物种上，确定了最合适的农林线和Silvo-Pastoral Systems物种。至关重要的是，这些物种的选择将与利益相关者和小型持有人协商，以确保吸收和使用所选物种。这些物种的组织标本和种子的现场收集将支持正在进行的遗传研究，并将用于在Mato Grosso（Southern Amazon）中建立早期阶段的现场试验。这些将受到监控，以评估一系列字符，包括增长率，生物量和树木形式，所有这些都是其适合性的重要指标。使用该项目开发的协议，长期监控将进一步指示其在这些系统中的潜在价值。该项目将通过英国与巴西科学家之间的合作伙伴关系在巴西进行。它旨在发展和证明一种方法学方法的有效性，该方法可以为整个拉丁美洲改善农林业和Silvopastoral Systems构成基础。在项目过程中，团队将在巴西和其他拉丁美洲国家建立一个科学家和从业人员网络，促进该领域的进一步研究的发展，并将其发现与一系列的学术界，农业业务，Silvo-Pastoral Systems的从业人员以及在拉丁美洲和英国的公共公共场所进行交流。

项目成果

Toward diverse seed sourcing to upscale ecological restoration in the Brazilian Cerrado

巴西塞拉多的多样化种子采购以实现高档生态恢复

• DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1045591
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Silva M