Mycoprotein 2.0

菌蛋白2.0

• 批准号: BB/P020364/1
• 负责人: Richard Harrison
• 金额: $ 68.77万
• 依托单位: National Institute of Agricultural Botany
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FP020364%2F1
• 关键词: Mycoprotein; 2.0

As prosperity rises, demand for meat increases as it is a rich source of protein. This in turn places demand on water resources, changes land use (in a manner highly dependent upon how the animal is fed) and leads to an increase in anthropogenic GHG emissions. This has been determined to be unsustainable by a number of international bodies, with some estimates predicting a 70% rise from current levels of 11% of total GHG emissions by 2050. However, demand for protein can also be met by crop-based sources (e.g. soy and pulses) and by mycoprotein, produced by fermentation of crop-derived glucose into biomass, which is harvested and processed into high quality protein. Mycoprotein remains a relatively under-exploited resource worldwide but offers great promise for year-round production of high quality protein, a vital requirement for future food security and human nutrition. The most significant challenge to production is the reliance on a single carbon source, a wheat-derived glucose, which requires special processing before it is suitable for use. Our recent work has revealed that while the fungus used to produce mycoprotein is grown on this glucose substrate, production of a number of essential vitamins is inhibited. Our recent work has revealed that expression of vitamins in some other carbon sources, for example beet derived sucrose syrup is observed. In some, but not all cases, this is coupled to an increase in other deleterious secondary metabolites. This leads to the question, how is the fungus regulating secondary metabolism in relation to carbon source? To expand both the nutritional value of mycoprotein and the range of carbon sources that can be utilised (enabling production to move to other regions of the world) we will use the latest DNA sequencing techniques to reveal the structure of the genome of Fusarium venenatum and study the regions of the genome that contain secondary metabolite genes. From work carried out in other related fungi it is known that control of secondary metabolism (SM) is regulated by the position of SM cluster in the genome, and by specific regulatory factors. Utilising the latest sequencing techniques will allow us to positionally resolve SM location and determine the underlying mechanisms regulating responses to different carbon sources.Through a series of controlled batch and continuous culture experiments we will develop techniques to selectively induce vitamin biosynthesis across a range of carbon sources, without inducing the expression of deleterious SM genes, providing both an understanding of the control of SM and an enhanced product for future product development. Building on our existing work we will expand the toolbox of molecular techniques in order to edit the genome of F. venenatum to remove deleterious secondary metabolite gene clusters and their regulatory factors which are induced in response to different carbon sources. As a result of this work, mycoprotein will be able to be produced using a larger range of carbon sources drawing upon a wider range of UK agricultural sources (maize, barley, rice) and even shift to sucrose-based production of mycoprotein (a carbon source that has currently been completely inaccessible), utilising UK sources of sucrose such as sugar beet. Furthermore, the ability to enhance the complement of micronutrients in mycoprotein will broaden its utility as an important component of global diets and offers a more sustainable and flexible alternative to meat.

随着繁荣的发展，对肉类的需求增加，因为它是丰富的蛋白质来源。这反过来又增加了对水资源的需求，改变了土地利用（很大程度上取决于动物的饲养方式）并导致人为温室气体排放量增加。许多国际机构认为这种做法不可持续，一些机构预测，到 2050 年，温室气体排放量占目前温室气体排放总量 11% 的水平将增加 70%。然而，对蛋白质的需求也可以通过作物来源来满足。例如大豆和豆类）和真菌蛋白，通过将农作物来源的葡萄糖发酵成生物质而产生，然后收获并加工成高质量蛋白质。真菌蛋白在全球范围内仍然是一种相对未充分开发的资源，但为全年生产高质量蛋白质提供了巨大前景，而高质量蛋白质是未来粮食安全和人类营养的重要要求。生产面临的最大挑战是对单一碳源的依赖，即源自小麦的葡萄糖，在适合使用之前需要进行特殊处理。我们最近的工作表明，虽然用于生产真菌蛋白的真菌在这种葡萄糖底物上生长，但许多必需维生素的生产受到抑制。我们最近的工作表明，在一些其他碳源（例如甜菜衍生的蔗糖糖浆）中观察到维生素的表达。在某些情况下，但并非所有情况下，这与其他有害次生代谢物的增加有关。这就引出了一个问题，真菌如何调节与碳源相关的次生代谢？为了扩大菌蛋白的营养价值和可利用的碳源范围（使生产能够转移到世界其他地区），我们将使用最新的DNA测序技术来揭示Fusarium v​​enenatum的基因组结构并进行研究含有次级代谢基因的基因组区域。从在其他相关真菌中进行的工作可知，次生代谢（SM）的控制是由 SM 簇在基因组中的位置以及特定的调节因素来调节的。利用最新的测序技术将使我们能够定位 SM 位置并确定调节对不同碳源反应的潜在机制。通过一系列受控分批和连续培养实验，我们将开发在一系列碳源中选择性诱导维生素生物合成的技术，不诱导有害 SM 基因的表达，既提供了对 SM 控制的理解，也为未来的产品开发提供了增强的产品。在我们现有工作的基础上，我们将扩展分子技术的工具箱，以编辑 F. venenatum 的基因组，以去除有害的次生代谢基因簇及其响应不同碳源而诱导的调节因子。这项工作的结果是，将能够使用更广泛的英国农业来源（玉米、大麦、大米）的碳源来生产真菌蛋白，甚至转向以蔗糖为基础的真菌蛋白（一种碳）生产。目前完全无法获取的来源），利用英国的蔗糖来源，例如甜菜。此外，增强菌蛋白中微量营养素补充的能力将扩大其作为全球饮食重要组成部分的用途，并提供更可持续和灵活的肉类替代品。

项目成果

Additional file 6 of CRISPR/Cas9 mediated editing of the Quorn fungus Fusarium venenatum A3/5 by transient expression of Cas9 and sgRNAs targeting endogenous marker gene PKS12

CRISPR/Cas9 的附加文件 6 通过靶向内源标记基因 PKS12 的 Cas9 和 sgRNA 的瞬时表达介导 Quorn 真菌 Fusarium v​​enenatum A3/5 的编辑

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.17037354
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Wilson F

Additional file 1 of CRISPR/Cas9 mediated editing of the Quorn fungus Fusarium venenatum A3/5 by transient expression of Cas9 and sgRNAs targeting endogenous marker gene PKS12

通过 Cas9 和 sgRNA 瞬时表达靶向内源标记基因 PKS12，CRISPR/Cas9 介导的 Quorn 真菌 Fusarium v​​enenatum A3/5 编辑的附加文件 1

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.17037333
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Wilson F

The Genome of the CTG(Ser1) Yeast Scheffersomyces stipitis Is Plastic.

• DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01871-21
• 发表时间: 2021-10-26
• 期刊: mBio
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: Vega-Estévez S;Armitage A;Bates HJ;Harrison RJ;Buscaino A
• 通讯作者: Buscaino A

Additional file 8 of CRISPR/Cas9 mediated editing of the Quorn fungus Fusarium venenatum A3/5 by transient expression of Cas9 and sgRNAs targeting endogenous marker gene PKS12

CRISPR/Cas9 的附加文件 8 通过靶向内源标记基因 PKS12 的 Cas9 和 sgRNA 的瞬时表达介导 Quorn 真菌 Fusarium v​​enenatum A3/5 的编辑

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.17037363
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Wilson F

Additional file 2 of CRISPR/Cas9 mediated editing of the Quorn fungus Fusarium venenatum A3/5 by transient expression of Cas9 and sgRNAs targeting endogenous marker gene PKS12

通过 Cas9 和 sgRNA 瞬时表达靶向内源标记基因 PKS12，CRISPR/Cas9 介导的 Quorn 真菌 Fusarium v​​enenatum A3/5 编辑的附加文件 2

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.17037336
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Wilson F