NEURAL SYSTEMS OF INGESTIVE BEHAVIOR

摄取行为的神经系统

基本信息

批准号：
3216232
负责人：
RALPH NORGREN
金额：
$ 19.99万
依托单位：
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV HERSHEY MED CTR
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1988-03-01 至 1995-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Energy, water, and electrolyte balance are among the most closely regulated parameters found in vertebrates. Even minor, uncorrected defects in any one system can become life threatening, and obligate loss occurs continuously. Most of the processes involved in these systems regulate physiological parameters and conservation. Only one process, ingestion of foods or fluids, can replenish supplies of nutrients, electrolytes, and water. The goal of the research outlined in this proposal is to understand the neural mechanisms that govern the decision to ingest or reject the contents of the oral cavity. Evidence from this and other laboratories indicates that the substrates for this neural decision are complete in the brainstem -- the midbrain, pons, and medulla. Sensory information from the oral cavity -- tactile, thermal, and gustatory afferent activity -- first reaches the brain in the pons and medulla. Vagal visceral afferent activity can switch the response elicited by oral stimuli from one of ingestion to one of rejection. The vagus nerve also synapses in the medulla. Finally, the motor neurons that produce ingestive behavior are located in the medulla and pons, and the interneurons that project to these oral motor nuclei form a continuous distribution in the medullary and pontine reticular formation. Chronic precollicular decerebrate preparations exhibit normal ingestion and rejection behavior and, given an appropriate visceral stimulus, will switch their response from ingestion to rejection. Using neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, and behavioral analysis, this project will examine the anatomical and physiological relationships among the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) and the parabrachial nuclei (PBN), the first two sensory relays for oral and visceral afferent activity, as well as the parvicellular reticular formation (PRF). Specific experiments will examine (1) the axonal connections among functionally defined subdivision of NST and PBN and the oral motor interneurons in PRF, (2) the responses of single neurons in NST, PBN, and the parvicellular reticular formation to both oral and visceral stimuli, and (3) the behavioral capacity of preparations with either lesions or axonal disconnections of the solitary or parabrachial nuclei. In addition to contributing toward the basic understanding of how the nervous system coordinates diverse sensory information into precise physiological and behavioral controls, this research has direct relevance to the sensory mechanisms involved in the etiology of a variety of morbid conditions. Specifically, excess ingestion of carbohydrates, fats, and sodium is highly correlated with, and may the causally related to obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.

能量，水和电解质平衡是最紧密的在脊椎动物中发现的调节参数。即使是未经校正的小任何一个系统中的缺陷都会威胁生命，并履行损失不断发生。这些涉及的大多数过程系统调节生理参数和保护。仅有的一个过程，摄入食物或液体，可以补充用品养分，电解质和水。研究的目标该提案中概述的是了解神经机制管理摄入或拒绝内容的决定口腔。该实验室和其他实验室的证据表明该神经决定的底物在脑干 - 中脑，PON和髓质。感官信息从口腔中 - 触觉，热和味觉传入活动 - 首先到达脑海和髓质的大脑。迷走神经内脏传入活动可以切换口服引起的响应刺激从摄入的一种到拒绝之一。迷走神经还会在髓质中突触。最后，运动神经元产生摄入行为位于髓质和庞斯，以及向这些口服运动核突出的中间神经元形成A 髓质和丘脑网状的连续分布形成。慢性前脑杂脑剂的制剂展示正常的摄入和拒绝行为，并给定适当的内脏刺激会将其反应从摄入转换为拒绝。使用神经解剖学，电生理和行为分析，该项目将检查解剖学和孤立区核之间的生理关系（NST）和副核（PBN），前两个感觉口头和内脏传入活动的继电器以及细胞网状形成（PRF）。特定的实验将检查（1）功能定义的轴突连接 NST和PBN的细分以及PRF中的口服运动神经元，（2）NST，PBN和口腔和内脏的细胞网状网状形成刺激和（3）准备的行为能力孤立的病变或轴突断开连接副核。除了为基本贡献了解神经系统如何协调各种感觉信息为精确的生理和行为控制，这项研究与感官机制直接相关参与多种病态疾病的病因。具体而言，过量摄入碳水化合物，脂肪和钠与肥胖相关，并可能与肥胖相关，并可能与肥胖有关糖尿病和高血压。