NEURAL CONTROL OF THE LARYNX

喉部的神经控制

• 批准号: 3218163
• 负责人: GLENN R FARLEY
• 金额: $ 14.59万
• 依托单位: FATHER FLANAGAN'S BOYS' HOME
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-12-01 至 1995-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3218163
• 关键词: artificial intelligence; basal ganglia; biological models; biomechanics; brain regulatory center; cartilage; cats; computational neuroscience; electromyography; histology; larynx; larynx muscle; ligaments; model design /development; morphology; motor neurons; muscle contraction; muscle tension; neuromuscular system; operant conditionings; psychoacoustics; respiration regulatory center; single cell analysis; stereotaxic techniques; subthalamus; vocalization

This proposal seeks to better understand the central nervous system control (CNS) of the larynx in voice production. Because certain important analysis techniques cannot be applied to humans, the study of model systems is required. Study of two such model systems is proposed. First, single-units will be recorded in CNS structures in cats instrumentally conditioned to vocalize. Recordings are proposed for two CNS targets: 1) regions in the basal ganglia; and 2) ventrolateral thalamus. These are structures at mid-levels of the proposed CNS control system. They have been implicated in human voice production by clinical studies of brain lesions, and in animal voice control by lesion and electrical stimulation studies, but data concerning how they are involved, are lacking. A second model proposed for study is a computational model of CNS laryngeal control. The model is a hybrid consisting of two parts. The most peripheral portion is a mathematical model of laryngeal function, based on biomechanical principles, whose study is of interest in its own right. The representations of muscles in this mathematical larynx are, in turn, controlled by a trainable artificial neural network model of the CNS laryngeal control pathways. A goal of the proposal is to constrain the network model as much as possible by known anatomy, physiology, and vocal behavior so that, after training, its function comes to match the real laryngeal control system. Once it has been developed, the model can be subjected to various manipulations, such as the equivalent of CNS lesions, and the effects on voice production by the model studied. The combined study of these two model systems is relevant to several health issues in communication disorders. The data from the mammalian system will clarify the functional role of some mid-level CNS structures in normal voice control. In addition, the data are needed to aid the process of model development. Successful development of the computational model, in turn, provides a powerful means for studying normal and abnormal mechanisms underlying voice production. It also may prove important in control of laryngeal prostheses, and in reducing animal experimentation.

该提议旨在更好地了解中枢神经系统 语音生产中喉部的控制（CNS）。 因为确定 重要的分析技术不能应用于人类 需要模型系统。 提出了两个这样的模型系统的研究。 首先，单单元将 记录在猫中的CNS结构中 发声。 提出了两个CNS目标的记录：1） 基底神经节； 2）腹侧丘脑。 这些是结构 在拟议的中枢神经系统控制系统的中层。 他们曾经 通过大脑的临床研究与人的语音产生有关 病变，在动物语音中通过病变和电刺激控制 缺乏研究，但缺乏有关其参与方式的数据。 提出的研究的第二个模型是CNS的计算模型 喉对照。 该模型是由两个部分组成的混合动力车。 这 大多数外围部分是喉功能的数学模型， 基于生物力学原理，其研究本身就是感兴趣的 正确的。 在这种数学喉中的肌肉的表示是， 反过来，由可训练的人工神经网络模型控制 中枢神经系统喉控制途径。 该提议的目标是约束 通过已知的解剖学，生理学和 声音行为，因此，在训练后，其功能与 真实的喉控制系统。 一旦开发出来，模型就可以 受到各种操作，例如CNS等效 病变，以及所研究模型对语音生产的影响。 这两个模型系统的合并研究与几个 沟通障碍中的健康问题。 哺乳动物的数据 系统将阐明某些中CNS结构的功能作用 在正常的语音控制中。 此外，还需要数据以帮助 模型开发过程。 成功发展 反过来，计算模型为研究提供了一种强大的手段 语音产生的基础机制正常和异常机制。 也可以 证明对控制喉假体和减少重要 动物实验。