Yellow Gold: Innovative systems for sustainable daffodil-derived galanthamine production in the uplands.

黄金：在高地可持续生产水仙花加兰他敏的创新系统。

基本信息

批准号：
BB/M027120/1
负责人：
Mariecia Fraser
金额：
$ 57.27万
依托单位：
Aberystwyth University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FM027120%2F1
关键词：
Yellow Gold Innovative systems sustainable

项目摘要

The number of people suffering from dementia is large and growing at a considerable rate. In 2010, there were over 35.6 million dementia sufferers worldwide and 4.6 million cases are diagnosed each year. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) accounts for between 50 and 75% of these cases. Galantamine has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Authority and the European Medicines Agency as an AD treatment since 1998. Galantamine is mainly produced from plants, and although chemical synthesis is possible, it is difficult and expensive. Galan/th/amine is the natural plant alkaloid used to produce the pharmaceutical product galan/t/amine. It is currently being extracted from daffodils/Narcissus (in central and western Europe), Leucojum (in eastern Europe) and Lycoris (in China). However, with the exception of daffodils the source plants are wild flowers not suitable for agricultural exploitation due to limitations in either resources or research. Thus daffodils are the only economically-viable world-wide source for galantamine. The annual global consumption of galantamine is currently constrained to 3-4 t/yr by existing production levels, but published figures predict the potential global market could be nearer 40 t/yr. Independent reports project the competitive Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient price for galantamine drugs to remain between £15,000 - £18,000/kg in the medium term. The UK uplands are characterised by poor growing conditions brought about by a combination of factors including: low temperatures; exposure to wind; high rainfall; winter frosts; thin, stony soils; and a shortage of major nutrients. Consequently agricultural production is generally limited to grassland-based beef and sheep systems that are currently heavily reliant upon Government support payments to be economic. However, previous research ('Sustainable production of the natural product galanthamine'; Defra project NF0612) established that the environmental challenges associated with upland areas trigger a 50% higher yield of galanthamine in daffodils that are grown there when compared to those grown in lowland conditions. Daffodils grown for galanthamine production therefore offer a novel, potentially high value crop for UK upland farmers that could provide an important new income stream, increasing their economic resilience. However, for this to happen, underpinning research is required to evaluate and overcome any problems associated with integrating daffodil production into existing pastoral based farming systems. This project will design, test and evaluate machinery for planting bulbs under long-term grass leys and selectively harvesting the subsequent green daffodil material. Field-scale agronomy trials over a 4 year period will assess establishment rates and the extent to which these are influenced by seasonal variation. Full-scale production trials will quantify the impact of incorporating daffodil production into grazed pastures on animal performance and the stock carrying capacity of the land. The extent to which fertiliser inputs influence the competitive ability of the daffodils and the yield of galanthamine obtained will also be determined in order to develop protocols which optimise simultaneous production of galanthamine and livestock from hill and upland farms. Growing daffodils in this way will ensure that the ecosystem services associated with grazed grasslands in the uplands are maintained.

患有痴呆症的人数众多，并且以相当快的速度增长。2010年，全世界有超过3560万痴呆症患者，每年诊断出的阿尔茨海默病（AD）病例占其中的50%至75%。自1998年以来，加兰他敏已被美国食品和药物管理局、英国药品和保健品监管局以及欧洲药品管理局批准作为AD治疗药物。加兰他敏主要生产。虽然化学合成是可能的，但 Galan/th/amine 是用于生产医药产品 Galan/t/amine 的天然植物生物碱，目前从水仙花/水仙中提取。和西欧）、Leucojum（东欧）和Lycoris（中国）。然而，除水仙花外，由于资源或研究的限制，来源植物都是不适合农业开发的野花。水仙花是全球唯一经济可行的加兰他敏来源目前，受现有生产水平影响，加兰他敏的全球年消费量被限制在 3-4 吨/年，但公布的数据预测，潜在的全球市场可能接近 40 吨/年。独立报告预测，从中期来看，加兰他敏药物的活性药物成分价格将保持在 15,000 英镑至 18,000 英镑/公斤之间。英国高地的特点是贫困。多种因素造成的生长条件，包括：低温；冬季霜冻；土壤薄弱、石质；以及主要养分的缺乏。目前在经济上严重依赖政府的支持付款。然而，先前的研究（“天然产品加兰他敏的可持续生产”；Defra 项目 NF0612）表明，与高地地区相关的环境挑战导致产量增加 50%。与低地条件下种植的水仙花相比，那里种植的水仙花中加兰他敏的含量更高，因此，为生产加兰他敏而种植的水仙花为英国高地农民提供了一种新型的、潜在的高价值作物，可以提供重要的新收入来源，提高他们的经济弹性。为此，需要进行基础研究来评估和克服与将水仙花生产整合到现有田园农业系统中相关的任何问题。该项目将设计、测试和评估在长期草地下种植球茎的机械。为期 4 年的田间规模农艺试验将评估其受季节变化影响的程度。全面生产试验将量化将水仙花生产纳入其中的影响。放牧牧场对动物性能和土地载畜量的影响肥料投入对水仙花竞争能力和加兰他敏产量的影响程度也将取决于旨在制定优化山区和高地农场同时生产加兰他敏和牲畜的协议，以这种方式种植水仙花将确保与高地放牧草地相关的生态系统服务得以维持。