Plasmodesmata: genetic control of cell-to-cell communication during plant defence

胞间连丝：植物防御过程中细胞间通讯的遗传控制

• 批准号: BB/L000466/1
• 负责人: Christine Faulkner
• 金额: $ 51.16万
• 依托单位: John Innes Centre
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FL000466%2F1
• 关键词: Plasmodesmata; genetic; control; cell; communication

Like animals, plants suffer all manner of diseases caused by various fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens. When a fungal or bacterial pathogen attacks a plant, the battlefront occurs initially at a single cell. One means by which a plant can fight off the pathogen is to initiate a process that results in death of the cell that is being attacked, preventing the pathogen from gaining nutrients from this cell and spreading. This process involves the generation of many toxic molecules and it is crucial that the cells surrounding the attacked cell do not suffer the same fate. Plant cells are connected to their neighbouring cells by channels called plasmodesmata. These channels are like open doorways into neighbouring cells and small molecules can simply pass from cell to cell. The question then is how a dying cell stops toxic molecules leaking out into its neighbours? Does the cell close the doors into its neighbours? We know that plasmodesmata can open and close to control the movement of signals between cells when a plant is exposed to cold or when the plant undergoes a developmental transition. We want to investigate whether these doors close when a pathogen attacks and how this happens.Recently, many new proteins that are located at plasmodesmata have been identified. One of these is a receptor for fungal chitin and causes plasmodesmata to close when a fungus is detected. I will examine why plasmodesmata close when a pathogen is perceived by microscopic analysis of living tissue that is under attack from different pathogens. I will also determine how plasmodesmata close by biochemical and genetic identification of proteins that required for this response. By establishing when and how plasmodesmata open and close when a pathogen attacks we will be able to understand a very important mechanism that a plant uses to fight disease. The last objective of this programme will begin to explore this phenomenon in rice with the aim of understanding how this global food crop uses this mechanism to fight off pathogens. Understanding these mechanisms will enable us to exploit them to help plants fight disease, placing us in a strong position to combat the impact of increased prevalence of plant disease that is likely to arise from global climate changes.

与动物一样，植物也会遭受由各种真菌、细菌和病毒病原体引起的各种疾病。当真菌或细菌病原体攻击植物时，战场最初发生在单个细胞上。植物抵抗病原体的一种方法是启动一个过程，导致受到攻击的细胞死亡，从而防止病原体从该细胞获取营养并扩散。这个过程涉及许多有毒分子的产生，至关重要的是，受攻击细胞周围的细胞不会遭受同样的命运。植物细胞通过称为胞间连丝的通道与其邻近细胞相连。这些通道就像通往邻近细胞的敞开的大门，小分子可以简单地从一个细胞传递到另一个细胞。那么问题是垂死的细胞如何阻止有毒分子泄漏到邻近的细胞中？牢房是否对其邻居关闭大门？我们知道，当植物暴露于寒冷或植物经历发育转变时，胞间连丝可以打开和关闭以控制细胞之间的信号运动。我们想要研究当病原体攻击时这些门是否会关闭以及这是如何发生的。最近，许多位于胞间连丝的新蛋白质已被识别。其中之一是真菌几丁质的受体，当检测到真菌时，会导致胞间连丝关闭。我将通过对受到不同病原体攻击的活体组织进行显微镜分析来研究当发现病原体时胞间连丝会关闭的原因。我还将通过生化和遗传鉴定这种反应所需的蛋白质来确定胞间连丝如何关闭。通过确定病原体攻击时胞间连丝何时以及如何打开和关闭，我们将能够了解植物用来抵抗疾病的非常重要的机制。该计划的最后一个目标将开始探索水稻中的这种现象，旨在了解这种全球粮食作物如何利用这种机制来抵抗病原体。了解这些机制将使我们能够利用它们来帮助植物抵抗疾病，使我们能够更好地应对全球气候变化可能引起的植物病害流行率增加的影响。

项目成果

Chitin perception in plasmodesmata identifies subcellular, context-specific immune signalling in plants

胞间连丝中的几丁质感知识别植物中的亚细胞、上下文特异性免疫信号传导

• DOI: http://dx.10.1101/611582
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Cheval C

Fifteen compelling open questions in plant cell biology.

植物细胞生物学中十五个引人注目的开放性问题。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1093/plcell/koab225
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: The Plant cell
• 作者: Roeder AHK

Encyclopedia of Immunobiology

免疫生物学百科全书

• DOI: http://dx.10.1016/b978-0-12-374279-7.12001-6
• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Faulkner C

A virus-targeted plant receptor-like kinase promotes cell-to-cell spread of RNAi.

一种针对病毒的植物受体样激酶促进 RNAi 的细胞间传播。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1073/pnas.1715556115
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Rosas

Plasmodesmata and the symplast.

胞连丝和共质体。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.004
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: CB
• 作者: Faulkner C