Quantitative Genetics of Hybrid Yeasts: overcoming sterility and biotechnological exploitation of diversity

杂交酵母的定量遗传学：克服不育性和多样性的生物技术开发

• 批准号: BB/L022508/1
• 负责人: Edward Louis
• 金额: $ 44.72万
• 依托单位: University of Leicester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FL022508%2F1
• 关键词: Quantitative; Genetics; Hybrid; Yeasts; overcoming

Selection for improved characteristics of crops and animals over the millennia of modern human history has benefited from the ability to breed. Artificial selection for such improvement through selective breeding feeds the world as well as gives us the wide variety of dog breeds, faster race horses, etc. Without the ability to breed there is limited variation on which to base improvements. Many plants, including various crops of great importance such as wheat, originated from the hybridization of two or more closely related species. These initially were sterile and dead ends in terms of evolution but overcame their sterility by duplicating their genomes. Variation could still be limited in these as the fertile derivatives may have occurred only once in history resulting in variation being fixed at that point and accumulated over time via mutations. A lot of effort goes into crop improvement by introgressing chromosomes from parental species of the hybrids to bring in new variation. In animals it is more difficult to overcome sterility and so working animals such as mules can only really be improved by breeding in the horse and donkey parents and hoping for improved characteristics in each new mules created by mating the two parents. This is a hit or miss approach and not very efficient. In fermentation uses with yeast there are hybrids that are used, the most famous being the lager yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. There are also some used in the wine industry and others are found in nature. These are sterile hybrids which preclude improvement by breeding. In this project we overcome the sterility barrier by duplicating the genomes of several new and existing hybrids, first to determine the genetics of particular characteristics, like why does lager yeast ferment better at cold temperatures, and then to create new diverse hybrids with improved or even new characteristics. We will generate a large number of new hybrids and explore their characteristics, isolating useful strains for use in brewing and wine making as well as industrial production strains. We will also learn about the biology of hybrids and how their two genomes interact. Finally we will answer the question 'Can mules evolve?'

在现代人类历史的千年中，选择改善农作物和动物的特征从繁殖能力中受益。通过选择性繁殖为改善的人工选择可以使世界各地养育狗品种，更快的赛马等。没有繁殖能力，基础改进的变化有限。许多植物，包括各种重要的农作物，例如小麦，源自两个或更多密切相关的物种的杂交。这些最初是无菌的，就进化而言是无菌的，但通过复制基因组来克服了它们的不育。由于历史中可能仅发生一次肥沃的衍生物，因此在这些方面可能仅发生变化，从而导致该点固定并通过突变随时间累积。通过从杂种亲本物种中浸入染色体来带来新的变化，可以改善农作物的改善。在动物中，难以克服不育性，因此，只有在马和驴父母中繁殖，才能真正改善诸如mu子等运动动物，并希望通过与两个父母交配而产生的每个新ule ules的特征改善。这是一种打击或错过的方法，不是很高效。在与酵母的发酵用途中，有使用的杂种，最著名的是啤酒酵母糖疗法。葡萄酒行业也有一些使用，而另一些则在自然界中发现。这些是无菌杂种，可以通过繁殖来改善。在这个项目中，我们通过复制几种新型和现有杂种的基因组来克服无菌障碍，首先是确定特定特征的遗传学，例如为什么在寒冷温度下啤酒酵母发酵更好，然后创建具有改善甚至新特征的新型混合体。我们将产生大量的新混合动力车并探索它们的特性，隔离用于酿造和葡萄酒制造以及工业生产菌株的有用菌株。我们还将了解杂种的生物学以及它们的两个基因组如何相互作用。最后，我们将回答“ mu子可以发展吗？”的问题。

项目成果

Genome Diversity and Evolution in the Budding Yeasts (Saccharomycotina).

• DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.199216
• 发表时间: 2017-06
• 期刊: Genetics
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Dujon BA;Louis EJ
• 通讯作者: Louis EJ

Restoring fertility in yeast hybrids: breeding and quantitative genetics of beneficial traits

恢复酵母杂交的生育力：有益性状的育种和数量遗传学

• DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.21.427634
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Naseeb S

PHENOS: a high-throughput and flexible tool for microorganism growth phenotyping on solid media

PHENOS：一种高通量、灵活的固体培养基微生物生长表型分析工具

• DOI: 10.1101/195784
• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Barton D

PHENOS: a high-throughput and flexible tool for microorganism growth phenotyping on solid media.

• DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1143-y
• 发表时间: 2018-01-24
• 期刊: BMC microbiology
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Barton DBH;Georghiou D;Dave N;Alghamdi M;Walsh TA;Louis EJ;Foster SS
• 通讯作者: Foster SS

Beyond Saccharomyces pastorianus for modern lager brews: Exploring non-cerevisiae Saccharomyces hybrids with heterotic maltotriose consumption and novel aroma profile.

• DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1025132
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Gyurchev, Nikola Y.;Coral-Medina, Angela;Weening, Susan M.;Almayouf, Salwa;Kuijpers, Niels G. A.;Nevoigt, Elke;Louis, Edward J.
• 通讯作者: Louis, Edward J.