US-UKEEIDCollab:Understanding the effects of spatial structure on evolution of virulence in the real world: honeybees and their destructive parasites

US-UKEEIDCollab：了解空间结构对现实世界毒力进化的影响：蜜蜂及其破坏性寄生虫

基本信息

批准号：
BB/L010879/1
负责人：
Angus Buckling
金额：
$ 40.02万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FL010879%2F1
关键词：
US UKEEIDCollab Understanding effects spatial

项目摘要

Individuals tend to interact more with individuals that are close to them or within their family or social groups. It follows therefore that in diseases that are spread by contact, infected individuals are more likely to contact other individuals that are close by or within certain social groups with whom they interact more. The disease therefore spreads spatially through the populations. There has been a number of computer models that show that this spatial spread can have a major effect on the disease dynamics, but our work has shown that this spatial structure can have important implications to the evolution of parasites. In particular if they tend to spread locally, they are selected for lower transmission and virulence. But how do we test this kind of theory? One way is experimentally where we artificially manipulate the range of transmission and examine the impact on the evolution of the parasite. We have previously developed an insect virus system in which we can manipulate how locally the hosts move. and our recent work using this system has confirmed the predictions of the theory; virulence was lower in the more viscose population. This is a good experimental test of the theory, but we now propose to see whether this theory is relevant in an important real world disease system. We propose to examine the role of structure created by different rearing practices in the honeybee on the virulence of their parasite, the varroa mite. Honey bees are under threat from a wide range of parasites of which the varroa mite is one of the most important. We will manipulate transmission of the mite in a replicated experimental design. The transmission will range from local between nearest colonies to global over large differences. With this manipulation we will see whether local transmission does indeed allow less virulent mites to persist. We will develop new theory that is tailored to the honey bee system and examines how different bee rearing practices are predicted to impact on the virulence of the parasites. In addition we will develop new theory on how variation in susceptibility within host populations impacts on parasite virulence and test the predictions of the theory within the established honey bee system. The overall aim is to gain a better understanding of how to virulence evolves in order to improve the management of disease with a particular focus on a major disease of honey bees.

个人倾向于与亲近的人或家庭或社会群体互动。因此，因此，在通过接触传播的疾病中，受感染的人更有可能与其他与某些社会群体相处或与之相互作用的社会群体内部或内部联系。因此，该疾病通过人群空间传播。有许多计算机模型表明这种空间扩散可以对疾病动态产生重大影响，但是我们的工作表明，这种空间结构对寄生虫的演变具有重要意义。特别是，如果它们倾向于在本地扩散，则将其选择以降低传播和毒力。但是我们如何检验这种理论呢？一种方法是在实验上，我们人为地操纵传播范围并检查对寄生虫演变的影响。我们以前已经开发了一种昆虫病毒系统，可以操纵宿主的局部方式。我们最近使用该系统的工作证实了该理论的预测。粘液种群中的毒力较低。这是对该理论的良好实验测试，但我们现在建议查看该理论是否与重要的现实世界疾病体系有关。我们建议研究由蜜蜂中不同饲养实践在其寄生虫瓦罗螨的毒力中产生的结构的作用。蜜蜂受到各种寄生虫的威胁，其中瓦罗螨是最重要的寄生虫之一。我们将在复制的实验设计中操纵螨虫的传播。在较大差异的情况下，传输的范围从最近的菌落之间的局部性到全球。通过这种操纵，我们将看到局部传播是否确实允许持续较低的螨虫持续存在。我们将开发针对蜜蜂系统量身定制的新理论，并研究如何预测如何影响寄生虫的毒力。此外，我们将开发有关宿主种群中易感性变化如何影响寄生虫毒力的新理论，并测试已建立的蜂蜜蜜蜂系统中该理论的预测。总体目的是更好地了解如何毒力发展，以改善疾病的管理，以特别关注主要蜜蜂的主要疾病。