Comparative cell-specific profiling to understand the molecular basis of nodulation

比较细胞特异性分析以了解结瘤的分子基础

基本信息

批准号：
BB/H019502/1
负责人：
Miriam Gifford
金额：
$ 103.55万
依托单位：
University of Warwick
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FH019502%2F1
关键词：
Comparative cell specific profiling understand

项目摘要

Plants must acquire the elemental nutrient nitrogen from their surrounding environment and its availability is often a major limitation to plant growth. To try and cope with this, all plants form lateral roots that explore the soil and increase the surface area on which to take up nitrogen. In addition legumes (peas and beans) have a unique strategy to deal with nitrogen limitation. They enter symbiotic interactions with soil bacteria that are able to fix an atmospheric form of nitrogen that plants cannot take up, and convert it into a useable form. Understanding more about how this happens could allow us to develop nodulation outside legume species, a discovery that would have significant effects on agriculture, the environment and nutrition. For example it would enable farmers to expand the range of crops that they could grow on their land without requiring the use of expensive nitrate fertilisers. Lower fertiliser use would in turn benefit the environment since the fossil-fuel rich process required for its manufacture would be diminished. Adding the ability to fix nitrogen to a commercial non-legume crop, for example wheat, might also increase plant nitrogen content and therefore the nutritive value of such improved crops for consumption. Since there are similarities in the way that lateral roots and nodules form on plant roots it is thought that the plan for 'building' a nodule in legumes comes from a lateral root 'blueprint' that exists in all plants. Despite detailed study of lateral roots and nodules little is known of what this 'blueprint' looks like. The answer might come from the fact that both lateral roots and nodules develop from single types of cells in the root - because of this specificity the important factors that link them have not yet been uncovered. We now have the state-of-the-art technology that will allows us to make the detailed analyses required for such study. We will compare legume vs. non-legume responses to nitrogen and responses during nodulation in single cells using these novel techniques to address how nodulation evolved in legumes.

植物必须从周围环境中获取元素营养氮，其可用性通常是植物生长的主要限制。为了尝试解决这个问题，所有植物都会形成侧根，探索土壤并增加吸收氮的表面积。此外，豆类（豌豆和蚕豆）有独特的策略来应对氮限制。它们与土壤细菌发生共生相互作用，土壤细菌能够固定植物无法吸收的大气形式的氮，并将其转化为可用的形式。更多地了解这种情况是如何发生的，可以让我们在豆类物种之外开发结瘤，这一发现将对农业、环境和营养产生重大影响。例如，它将使农民能够扩大他们在土地上种植的作物范围，而无需使用昂贵的硝酸盐肥料。减少化肥的使用反过来有利于环境，因为制造化肥所需的富含化石燃料的过程将会减少。向商业非豆科作物（例如小麦）添加固氮能力也可能增加植物氮含量，从而提高此类改良作物的食用营养价值。由于侧根和根瘤在植物根部形成的方式有相似之处，因此人们认为在豆科植物中“构建”根瘤的计划来自于所有植物中都存在的侧根“蓝图”。尽管对侧根和根瘤进行了详细研究，但人们对这个“蓝图”的样子知之甚少。答案可能来自这样一个事实：侧根和根瘤都是由根中的单一类型细胞发育而来的——由于这种特殊性，将它们联系起来的重要因素尚未被发现。我们现在拥有最先进的技术，使我们能够进行此类研究所需的详细分析。我们将使用这些新技术比较豆科植物与非豆科植物对氮的反应以及单细胞结瘤期间的反应，以解决豆科植物中结瘤的演化过程。