'A Picture of the Treasury': The Panopticon Penitentiary, Bureaucracy, and Autobiography in the Writings of Jeremy Bentham

《金库图》：杰里米·边沁著作中的圆形监狱、官僚机构和自传

• 批准号: AH/X008274/1
• 负责人: Thomas Schofield
• 金额: $ 49.22万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FX008274%2F1
• 关键词: Picture; Treasury; Panopticon; Penitentiary; Bureaucracy

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), the philosopher and reformer, conceived of the panopticon-the all-seeing place-as a circular building enshrining the 'central inspection principle', whereby all activities could be supervised from a central location. Responding to the British government's need for a penitentiary following the end of transportation to America, in 'Panopticon; or, the Inspection-House' (1791) Bentham proposed to build a panopticon prison, where the governor in a central inspection tower might view all the prisoners housed in the cells on the periphery. Assuming that they were under constant surveillance, the prisoners would learn self-discipline and love of work, be reformed, and eventually released as useful citizens.The panopticon has become one of the most iconic and controversial symbols in the humanities and social sciences as a result of French philosopher Michel Foucault's identification of it as a paradigm of the modern state. In Foucault's view, the panopticon enshrined the mechanisms employed by capitalist liberal democracies in order to discipline and subdue their populations. The idea of the panopticon has resonated in architecture, economics, history, law, management studies, philosophy, political science, and psychology, and has given rise to a whole new subject area-surveillance studies. The panopticon has been adopted by journalists and commentators as a metaphor for oppressive, all-encompassing surveillance in the digital age, and continues to prove fertile ground for reinterpretation by artists, musicians, and authors.This enormous scholarly, intellectual, and creative endeavour, has, however, been based on inadequate and incomplete editions of Bentham's writings. Foucault's work and the subsequent scholarship has relied on inadequate or partial versions of Bentham's texts, while further hugely important manuscript material has never before been made available in an authoritative or accessible format. Hence, the centrepiece of this research will be a landmark resource: an authoritative version of Bentham's 'A Picture of the Treasury' for the critically acclaimed edition of The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham, together with a collection of interpretive essays, in both published and open-access formats. 'A Picture of the Treasury' will constitute an enduring contribution to future research in the humanities and social sciences by publishing for the first time Bentham's own intimate account of his involved and ultimately fruitless negotiations with Treasury and Home Office officials between 1798 and 1802 to build the panopticon penitentiary. As Bentham came to realize that the government were minded to set aside the panopticon scheme, despite Parliamentary approval and several years of negotiations, planning, and expenditure of public money, he suspected that officials were conspiring either to ruin him financially or even drive him to suicide.The research will bring into the public domain for the first time, in authoritative form, a text that will bear comparison with such celebrated works as Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Confessions (1782) and John Stuart Mill's Autobiography (1873). 'A Picture of the Treasury', moreover, will contribute significantly to our understanding of the relationship between executive and legislature and to the inner workings of key administrative departments in the British government at the turn of the nineteenth century-and so constitute a real-life equivalent to Charles Dickens's circumlocution office in Bleak House-and add a new dimension to well-established debates concerning the emergence of the liberal state and its intellectual context.

哲学家和改革家杰里米·边沁（Jeremy Bentham，1748-1832 年）将圆形监狱（全视场所）设想为一座奉行“中央检查原则”的圆形建筑，所有活动都可以从一个中心位置受到监督。响应英国政府在美国运输结束后对监狱的需求，在“全景敞视监狱”中；或者，“监察所”（1791）边沁提议建造一座圆形监狱，中央监察塔的州长可以看到外围牢房中关押的所有囚犯。假设他们处于持续的监视之下，囚犯们会学会自律和热爱工作，得到改造，并最终被释放为有用的公民。圆形监狱已成为人文社会科学中最具标志性和争议性的符号之一。这是法国哲学家米歇尔·福柯将其视为现代国家范式的结果。在福柯看来，圆形监狱体现了资本主义自由民主国家为了规训和征服人民而采用的机制。圆形监狱的理念在建筑学、经济学、历史学、法律、管理学、哲学、政治学和心理学领域引起了共鸣，并催生了一个全新的学科领域——监视研究。圆形监狱已被记者和评论员用作数字时代压迫性、全方位监视的隐喻，并继续为艺术家、音乐家和作家重新解释提供肥沃的土壤。这种巨大的学术、智力和创造性的努力，然而，它是基于边沁著作的不充分和不完整的版本。福柯的著作和随后的学术研究依赖于边沁文本的不充分或部分版本，而更重要的手稿材料以前从未以权威或易于理解的格式提供。因此，这项研究的核心将是一个具有里程碑意义的资源：为广受好评的《杰里米·边沁文集》出版的边沁《国库图》的权威版本，以及一系列解释性文章，包括出版和出版的著作。开放获取格式。 《财政部的图景》首次出版了边沁本人对 1798 年至 1802 年间他与财政部和内政部官员进行的、但最终无果而终的谈判的详细描述，为未来的人文和社会科学研究做出了持久的贡献。圆形监狱当边沁意识到政府有意搁置圆形监狱计划时，尽管议会已批准并进行了数年的谈判、规划和公共资金支出，他怀疑官员们正在密谋要么在经济上毁掉他，要么甚至迫使他这项研究将首次以权威形式将文本引入公共领域，该文本将与让·雅克·卢梭的《忏悔录》（1782 年）和《约翰福音》等著名作品进行比较。斯图尔特·米尔的自传 (1873)。此外，《财政部的图景》将极大地有助于我们理解行政机关和立法机关之间的关系，以及十九世纪之交英国政府主要行政部门的内部运作，从而构成一个真正的——生活相当于查尔斯·狄更斯在《荒凉山庄》中的迂回办公室，并为有关自由国家的出现及其知识背景的既定辩论增添了新的维度。