Applicability and scalability of a sustainable re-construction framework for seismic-prone heritage areas of Gujarat, India.

印度古吉拉特邦地震多发遗产地区可持续重建框架的适用性和可扩展性。

• 批准号: AH/X006832/1
• 负责人: Bernadette Devilat
• 金额: $ 11.02万
• 依托单位: Nottingham Trent University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FX006832%2F1
• 关键词: Applicability; scalability; sustainable; re; construction

In this follow-on, we will extend our findings and make them tangible and relevant to the community, local authorities and stakeholders, raising awareness and supporting earthquake preparedness using the methodology developed in the initial research project. We will study its applicability and scalability in Gujarat, India, by developing pilot activities and outputs for Bela, based on data already obtained, as a framework that can serve for implementation in similar cases beyond this project.Vernacular housing in heritage settlements is liable to deterioration, damage and destruction due to disasters and human-induced hazards. Inhabitants mainly build this non-monumental heritage as an affordable response to local climatic, environmental conditions based on traditional modes of living and building. If located in seismic areas, it is at greater risk due to the recurrent and destructive threat of earthquakes. But responses are usually activated afterwards, lacking mitigation strategies to diminish destruction.The most common post-earthquake approach is to build anew yet the most sustainable is to reuse, considering building's embedded energy and heritage significance. However, in mid and low-income heritage areas, documentation for a culturally-sensitive recovery and preparedness is usually absent, repairs are costly and slow, and large numbers of affected constructions hinder damage assessment. To tackle this, we exploit advanced documentation technologies aiming towards a new approach to re-construction: a culture of repair, reuse, adaptation and risk mitigation.In previous phases of this project, we combined 3D laser scanning, drone capture, photography and social surveys (interviews) to develop a sustainable re-construction methodology for seismic-prone heritage settlements of Kutch (Gujarat, India). It could improve the chances of a rapid and effective response in case of an earthquake, enhance the possibilities of reusing existing structures, and increase preparedness and resilience in local communities, by defining four strategic guidelines: 1 Immediate post-earthquake action: data obtained to inform damage assessment and planning at two different scales (village - individual buildings)2 Mid and long term study: evaluation of previous earthquake responses, risk assessment and mitigation (preparedness)3 Community engagement and participation: critical for local validation, support and knowledge incorporation. Communities' heritage valuation and conservation: bottom-up perspective to empower a local agency. 4 Applicability via institutional partnerships: overarching structure linking Academia, local NGOs and Governmental Institutions to support the methodology implementation with specific technical skills and local capacity-building. After the 2001 earthquake, which had a magnitude of 7.7 Mw scale an owner-driven approach, financially supported by the government and technically supported by local authorities and NGOs was implemented to repair buildings. However, the quality of the result was not always adequate for the specific type of construction, poorly or incompletely executed. These processes could be enhanced and scaled up to reach more families if the proposed methodology is implemented. Advances have been made concerning engagement with governmental institutions and reaching local authorities. However, the gap that needs further study and will be addressed in this project is regarding impact and applicability. Based on the methodology developed, we will create impact at three levels: 1) Institutional: via developing a disaster risk management plan and post-earthquake actions with local authorities; 2) Tangible: via developing and applying an example repair solution; 3) Academic: via technical support, publications and presentations. This will be done in collaboration with our project partners in India, in which each institution will play a specific leading role for each level.

在后续工作中，我们将扩展我们的研究结果，使它们切实可行并与社区、地方当局和利益相关者相关，使用初始研究项目中开发的方法提高认识并支持地震防备。我们将根据已获得的数据，通过为 Bela 开发试点活动和产出，研究其在印度古吉拉特邦的适用性和可扩展性，作为一个框架，可用于在本项目之外的类似案例中实施。遗产定居点的乡土住房可能会由于灾害和人为灾害造成的恶化、损坏和毁坏。居民建造这种非纪念性遗产主要是为了根据传统的生活和建筑模式对当地气候、环境条件做出经济实惠的反应。如果位于地震区，由于地震的反复发生和破坏性威胁，其面临的风险更大。但反应通常是在事后启动，缺乏减少破坏的缓解策略。最常见的震后方法是重建，但最可持续的方法是重新利用，考虑到建筑物的内在能源和遗产意义。然而，在中低收入遗产地区，通常缺乏文化敏感的恢复和准备文件，修复成本高昂且缓慢，大量受影响的建筑阻碍了损失评估。为了解决这个问题，我们利用先进的文档技术，旨在建立一种新的重建方法：修复、再利用、适应和降低风险的文化。在该项目的前几个阶段，我们结合了 3D 激光扫描、无人机捕捉、摄影和社交调查（访谈），为卡奇（印度古吉拉特邦）地震多发的遗产定居点制定可持续的重建方法。通过制定四项战略指导方针，它可以提高在地震发生时快速有效应对的机会，提高现有结构的再利用可能性，并增强当地社区的准备工作和复原力： 1 震后立即行动：获得的数据为两个不同规模（村庄 - 个别建筑）的损失评估和规划提供信息2 中长期研究：评估以往的地震响应、风险评估和缓解（准备）3 社区参与和参与：对于当地验证、支持和知识至关重要合并。社区遗产评估和保护：自下而上的视角赋予当地机构权力。 4 通过机构伙伴关系实现的适用性：连接学术界、当地非政府组织和政府机构的总体结构，以通过具体技术技能和当地能力建设支持方法的实施。 2001 年震级为 7.7 兆瓦的地震发生后，政府采取了由业主主导、由政府提供财政支持、由地方当局和非政府组织提供技术支持的方法来修复建筑物。然而，结果的质量并不总是足以满足特定类型的施工，执行不佳或不完整。如果实施拟议的方法，这些流程可以得到加强和扩大，以惠及更多家庭。在与政府机构接触和联系地方当局方面已取得进展。然而，需要进一步研究并将在该项目中解决的差距是影响力和适用性。根据所制定的方法，我们将在三个层面产生影响： 1）机构：通过与地方当局制定灾害风险管理计划和震后行动； 2) 有形：通过开发和应用示例修复解决方案； 3) 学术：通过技术支持、出版物和演示。这将与我们在印度的项目合作伙伴合作完成，其中每个机构将在每个级别发挥特定的领导作用。