Visualizing Janowska: Creating a Digital Architectural Model of a Nazi Concentration Camp

可视化 Janowska：创建纳粹集中营的数字建筑模型

• 批准号: AH/X00774X/1
• 负责人: Waitman Beorn
• 金额: $ 23.07万
• 依托单位: Northumbria University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FX00774X%2F1
• 关键词: Visualizing; Janowska; Creating; Digital; Architectural

From 1941 to 1944, the Nazis murdered perhaps 80,000 people, mostly Jews, in a small concentration camp in the suburbs of Lviv, Ukraine called Janowska. The camp also served as an indispensable accomplice in deporting and exterminating the bulk of the 160,000 Jews in the city as well as tens of thousands from the surrounding countryside. Very little remains of the site today and little archaeology is possible as the area is still largely part of a Ukrainian prison. Commemoration and public history around the former camp is limited, even for the inhabitants of Lviv. A methodology incorporating the spatial turn-an analysis of space and place in the camp, as well at multiple scales-is therefore especially suited to investigating the built environment of this camp.Relying on the archival research for a completed scholarly book manuscript, this project aims to build the first Historical Building Information Model (HBIM) of a Nazi concentration camp. This pathbreaking digital humanities (DH) project will add to several critical scholarly discussions: 1) the use of DH tools in modeling and scholarly analysis, 2) the pedagogical utility of HBIM in public history, 3) the ethical considerations raised by the application of this methodology to sensitive topics like sites of suffering and genocide as well as its prospective suitability in the heritage sector. In addition, it will offer me as a digital humanist to hone my skills in the doing of DH and in leading an interdisciplinary team.HBIMs are rapidly becoming a cutting-edge tool for both the preservation and analysis of historical spaces. Once built, the model will enable a variety of research exploring issues such as visibility, perspective, even the modelling of sound. Such inquiries can both answer and ask important questions about the lived experience of the camp that other methodologies cannot.The process of creation raises important theoretical and methodological questions of great interest to the larger historical community. Historical sources are by nature imperfect and will lend varying degrees of accuracy to the HBIM. In reconciling these sources, this project operates at the forefront of DH work by grappling with mapping ambiguity and qualitative mapping. For example, what choices do we make in modelling when we have less than perfect information about the built environment and how do we visualize that ambiguity and indicate it to the user? Equally important, this project will encounter critical ethical questions that bear investigating. How do we visualize these spaces? What choices must be made with regards to realism and representation? Only through the process of modelling can these practices be explored. One of the outputs of this project will be at least one but potentially more scholarly journal articles reflecting on the theoretical, methodological, and ethical questions and lessons learned from this digital reconstruction. Finally, the web-based educational platform (which will incorporate the model) will link archival information such as testimony and images spatially within the model, providing a rigorously curated introduction to the important history of the camp and the Holocaust in Lviv/Galizien. This additional project element performs two critical roles. First, as it will be translated into Ukrainian, the model will be used to educate the local population of Lviv and Ukraine. Secondly, both the project and the accompanying educational environment will model one approach to the preservation and interpretation of heritage sites. This is especially important given the fact that the majority of the Janowska site is both inaccessible to the public and mostly physically destroyed. The recent war in Ukraine has made this even more pressing as Russian forces have destroyed Holocaust sites and archives.

从1941年到1944年，纳粹谋杀了大约80,000人，主要是犹太人，在乌克兰郊区的一个小集中营中，称为Janowska。该营地还作为必不可少的同谋驱逐和消灭城市中160,000名犹太人中的大部分，以及周围乡村的数万人。今天，该地区的遗迹很少，由于该地区仍然是乌克兰监狱的一部分，因此几乎没有考古学。前训练营周围的纪念活动和公共历史也有限，即使对于利维夫居民也是如此。一种方法，纳入了营地中的空间和位置的空间转弯分析，因此在多个尺度上 - 尤其适合调查该营地的建筑环境。在档案研究中，用于完整的学术书籍手稿的档案研究，该项目旨在建立纳粹集中营的第一个历史建筑信息模型（HBIM）。这种破坏性的数字人文科学（DH）项目将增加几个关键的学术讨论：1）使用DH工具在建模和学术分析中使用，2）HBIM在公共历史上的教学实用性，3）3）通过应用于应用的道德考虑因素这种方法是敏感的主题，例如苦难和种族灭绝的地方，以及其在遗产部门的前瞻性适合性。此外，它将为我作为数字人文主义者提供磨练我在DH上的技能以及领导跨学科团队的技能。HBIMS迅速成为保存和分析历史空间的尖端工具。构建后，该模型将启用各种研究，以探索诸如可见性，视角甚至声音建模等问题。这种询问既可以回答，又提出有关其他方法论的生活经验的重要问题。创造过程提出了重要的理论和方法论问题，对大型历史社区产生了极大的兴趣。历史来源本质上是不完美的，并且将使HBIM具有不同程度的准确性。在调和这些资源时，该项目通过努力努力绘制歧义和定性映射，在DH工作的最前沿运行。例如，当我们对建筑环境的信息不足的信息不足时，我们在建模方面做出了哪些选择？我们如何将歧义并向用户表示歧义？ 同样重要的是，该项目将遇到调查的关键道德问题。我们如何可视化这些空间？关于现实主义和代表性，必须做出哪些选择？只有通过建模过程，才能探索这些实践。该项目的输出之一将是至少一篇具有学术期刊的文章，反映了理论，方法论和道德问题以及从这种数字重建中学到的经验教训。最后，基于网络的教育平台（将结合模型）将在模型中链接诸如证词和图像之类的档案信息，从而对LVIV/Galizien的CAMP和大屠杀的重要历史进行了严格策划的介绍。这个附加的项目元素扮演两个关键角色。首先，由于它将被翻译成乌克兰人，因此该模型将用于教育LVIV和乌克兰的当地人口。其次，该项目和随附的教育环境都将为保存和解释遗产的一种方法建模一种方法。鉴于大多数Janowska网站对公众来说都是无法访问的，并且大部分被身体破坏了，这一点尤其重要。随着俄罗斯部队破坏了大屠杀的遗址和档案，乌克兰最近在乌克兰的战争变得更加紧迫。