A Chronology of the Medieval Irish Lexicon

中世纪爱尔兰词典年表

基本信息

批准号：
AH/X003639/1
负责人：
Gregory Toner
金额：
$ 103.37万
依托单位：
Queen's University Belfast
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2023 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FX003639%2F1
关键词：
Chronology Medieval Irish Lexicon

项目摘要

Gaelic has been spoken and written in Ireland and Scotland continuously for the last 1500 years. While Latin dominated the written record in the rest of Europe, the Irish and Scots adapted their language to writing at an early date and cultivated what is now one of the oldest and richest vernacular literatures in the world. Vast tracts on native law were compiled as early as the 7th century and subsequent centuries saw the cultivation of religious writing, poetry and a body of narrative tales which is globally unique. The vocabulary in any language changes over time, most notably with the introduction of new words, often borrowed from other languages, and the loss of words which, for one reason or another, are no longer deemed useful. The Gaelic vocabulary fell under the influence of other languages throughout the medieval period, most notably of Latin, Norse, French and English. However, a large proportion of changes are internal to the language and most commonly affect the meaning of existing words. Yes an accurate understanding of changes in meaning is essential if we are to properly interpret the language at any time in the past and to avoid anachronistic readings of texts. This project will address the issue of changes in the vocabulary and the meaning of words by tackling a problem at the heart of the most authoritative historical dictionary of early Irish, A Dictionary of the Irish Language based mainly on Old and Middle Irish Materials. The Dictionary was published in separate volumes between 1913 and 1976 and now exists in an updated digital format (www.dil.ie). It is based on the Gaelic language as recorded between the seventh and seventeenth centuries, and each entry contains multiple citations from original texts illustrating the meaning of the word. However, the original compilers of the Dictionary made no effort to provide dates for the citations and so the age of words and their meaning is often unclear. In this project, we will provide dates for all the texts that were used in the compilation of the dictionary. Subsequently, when users access a particular entry, they will also be shown a visualisation of the chronological range of each word and see how the sense has developed over time. This will enable scholars to identify the senses of words most appropriate to any text on which they are working or to trace the changes in meaning over time. It will also be a major contribution to future studies of the history of the Gaelic language. For the first time, researchers will be able to chart the development of the vocabulary including the coining of new words, the obsolescence of certain words, and changes of meaning of words over centuries. Its usefulness will extend beyond the study of language, however. Archaeologists and historians will be able to track changes of sense through time and map these onto changes in the archaeological and historical records. For example, the Dictionary contains numerous words relating to clothing and a future archaeologist would be able to map changes in the sense of words onto what can be gathered from archaeological and historical collections. To write the history of a language we need, first of all, to understand the changes in its vocabulary and particularly what people meant at different times by the words that they used. This project will provide a unique and powerful tool for scholars to investigate these questions and work towards a history of the language which is comprehensive and has historical depth.

在过去的1500年中，盖尔语一直在爱尔兰和苏格兰撰写和撰写。尽管拉丁语在欧洲其他地区占据了书面记录，但爱尔兰和苏格兰人将其语言改编成早期写作，并培养了现在是世界上最古老，最富有的白话文学之一。最早在7世纪就汇集了关于本土法律的广阔领域，随后几个世纪以来，培养了宗教写作，诗歌和一系列叙事故事，这些故事在全球范围内是独一无二的。任何语言中的词汇随着时间的流逝而变化，最著名的是引入了新单词，通常是从其他语言借来的，而单词的丢失出于某种原因或另一种原因不再被视为有用。盖尔语词汇在整个中世纪时期受到其他语言的影响，最著名的是拉丁语，北欧，法语和英语。但是，很大一部分的变化是语言内部的，最常见的是影响现有单词的含义。是的，如果我们要在过去的任何时候正确解释语言并避免文本的过时读物，那么对意义变化的准确理解至关重要。该项目将通过在爱尔兰早期最权威的历史词典的核心解决词汇变化和词语的变化问题，这是爱尔兰语言的词典，主要基于古老和爱尔兰的材料。该词典在1913年至1976年之间以单独的卷发表，现在以更新的数字格式（www.dil.ie）存在。它基于第七世纪和十七世纪之间记录的盖尔语言，每个条目都包含来自原始文本的多个引用，这些文本说明了单词的含义。但是，词典的原始编译器没有努力为引用提供日期，因此单词及其含义通常不清楚。在这个项目中，我们将为词典编辑中使用的所有文本提供日期。随后，当用户访问特定条目时，他们还将显示每个单词的时间顺序范围的可视化，并查看感官如何随着时间的流逝而发展。这将使学者能够确定最适合其工作文本或跟踪含义随时间变化的单词的感觉。这也将是对盖尔语历史的未来研究的主要贡献。研究人员将第一次能够绘制词汇的开发，包括新单词的插曲，某些单词的过时以及几个世纪以来单词含义的变化。但是，它的实用性将超越对语言的研究。考古学家和历史学家将能够跟踪感官的变化，并将其映射到考古和历史记录的变化。例如，词典包含许多与衣服有关的单词，未来的考古学家将能够将单词意义的变化映射到可以从考古和历史收藏中收集的内容。首先，写我们需要的语言的历史，以了解其词汇的变化，尤其是人们在不同时间用他们使用的单词的意思。该项目将为学者提供一个独特而有力的工具，以调查这些问题并致力于全面且具有历史深度的语言历史。