The Community of the Realm in Scotland, 1249-1424: history, law and charters in a recreated kingdom

苏格兰王国共同体，1249-1424 年：重建王国的历史、法律和宪章

• 批准号: AH/P013759/1
• 负责人: Alice Taylor
• 金额: $ 103.59万
• 依托单位: King's College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FP013759%2F1
• 关键词: Community; Realm; Scotland; 1249; 1424

This project examines the 'nation' in the later middle ages, using the kingdom of Scotland between 1249 and 1424 as a case study. Its starting point is the argument of Susan Reynolds that the nation-as-political community was present in the medieval concept of 'the community of the realm'. The project will produce the first empirically-grounded study not only of how a medieval political community was constructed, but also how it functioned, changed and/or endured over the long term. In so doing, it aims to challenge the modernist position, which states that nations, as primary political groupings based around a self-conscious ethnicity, are identifiable only in the modern era.This goal will be achieved by examining the changing form of representations of national community, identifiable in the law, history and charters produced in Scotland, first in the controversial reign of Robert I 'the Bruce', king of Scots, 1306-29, and then across the whole period 1249-1424. The 'community of the realm' was a new concept in Scottish political writing from 1286; however, it was under Robert that it was invoked at a previously unprecedented level in order to recreate the law, history and government of Scotland, in part to legitimise his authority. Our project will track how far those communal representations created in Robert's reign both departed from earlier ways of representing the regnal community and also endured over the long term, to identify the institutional bases and structures of a medieval political community.The texts examined range from the unpublished and understudied to the very famous, and interdisciplinary methods will be used to analyse them. One particularly important innovation will be the creation of a new model of digital edition in order to represent visually how the form and content of texts change over time, while still retaining the text's coherence. Innovative editions of the Declaration of Arbroath (1320) and a model for Regiam Majestatem, a major legal text, will be produced in order to analyse changing representations and understandings of the historical and legal community of the realm. We will also examine the formal prose of charters to identify the context for the appearance of communal discourse within them, and use methods taken from Social Network Analysis to understand the changing composition of political society, and thus how differences in group structure and personnel relate to changes to political thought.The project has many applications and benefits. Academically, it has interdisciplinary relevance: its 'genetic' editions will contribute to the field of textual criticism; the encoding digital publication framework will be a real contribution to Digital Humanities. It has clear benefit for Scottish history: it will produce a wholly new reassessment of the kingship of Robert I, assessing its enduring influence on the political form of the late medieval kingdom. It aims to inspire new collaborations between medieval and early modern scholars of Scottish legal history-particularly beneficial given the institutional prominence of Scottish legal history within existing law faculties in universities. By making a significant contribution to the longstanding debates on the nation, it will encourage cross-period collaborations. The research will apply to and be of benefit to diverse publics, including the third sector. National identity and nationhood are topical issues, particularly when applied to Scotland's contemporary position within the UK. We will engage with how the medieval past is used as a resource in contemporary debates, through creating freely available podcasts on medieval and modern nations, and contributing to a major exhibition held in Edinburgh in 2020. We will develop material for schools and further education institutions. This project will thus engage critically with major contemporary issues in which the manner of representing the past is of fundamental concern.

该项目将中世纪后期的“国家”研究，以1249年至1424年之间的苏格兰王国为案例研究。它的起点是苏珊·雷诺（Susan Reynolds）的论点是，“国家社区”的中世纪概念中存在民族 - 政治社区。该项目将不仅对中世纪的政治社区的建设方式进行，而且还将在长期内忍受中世纪的政治社区的构建方式，还将制定第一项经验基础的研究。在这样做的过程中，它旨在挑战现代主义立场，该立场指出，作为基于自我意识种族的主要政治团体，只有在现代时代才能识别。这一目标将实现。这一目标可以通过检查民族社区的不断变化的形式，在苏格兰的法律，历史和宪章中，首先在苏格兰产生的法律，历史和宪章。整个期间1249-1424。 “领域社区”是1286年苏格兰政治写作的一个新概念。但是，正是在罗伯特（Robert）的领导下，它是在以前前所未有的水平上援引的，以重现苏格兰的法律，历史和政府，部分原因是使他的权威合法化。我们的项目将跟踪罗伯特（Robert）统治时期创造的公共表征与早期代表社区的方式背道而驰，并且在长期的长期中也忍受了中世纪政治社区的制度基础和结构。一个特别重要的创新将是创建一个新的数字版本模型，以便从视觉上表示文本的形式和内容如何随时间变化，同时仍然保持文本的连贯性。为了分析对该领域历史和法律界的改变的代表和理解，将制作《 Arbroath宣言》（1320）的创新版本和Regiam Majestatem的模型。我们还将研究宪章的正式散文，以确定其中的公共话语外观的背景，并使用社交网络分析中采取的方法来了解政治社会的不断变化的组成，从而了解群体结构和人员的差异与政治思想的变化如何相关。项目具有许多应用和利益。从学术上讲，它具有跨学科的相关性：其“遗传”版本将有助于文本批评领域；编码数字出版物框架将是对数字人文科学的真正贡献。这对苏格兰历史具有明显的好处：它将对罗伯特一世的王权产生全新的重新评估，评估其对中世纪已故王国政治形式的持久影响。它的目的是激发苏格兰法律历史的中世纪和早期现代学者之间的新合作，鉴于苏格兰法律历史在大学现有法律学院内的制度显着性。通过为关于国家的长期辩论做出重大贡献，它将鼓励跨期间的合作。这项研究将适用于包括第三部门在内的多元化公众。民族身份和国家是话题问题，尤其是应用于苏格兰在英国境内的当代地位时。我们将通过创建有关中世纪和现代国家的免费播客，并为2020年在爱丁堡举行的大型展览做出贡献的中世纪的过去如何用作当代辩论中的资源。我们将为学校和进一步的教育机构开发材料。因此，该项目将批判性地参与当代重大问题，在这种问题中，代表过去的方式是根本关注的。

项目成果

Regiam Maiestatem: the manuscript tradition of Scotland's earliest legal treatise

Regiam Maiestatem：苏格兰最早法律论文的手稿传统

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Davies, JR

A New Chronicle of the Wars of Independence

独立战争新编年史

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Broun D

The Legacies of Robert I

罗伯特一世的遗产

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Boardman, S

The Dynamic Edition of the Declaration of Arbroath

阿布罗斯宣言动态版

• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Broun, D

The Politics of Scotland's Medieval Past

苏格兰中世纪过去的政治

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Davies, JR