The Art of Friendship in France, 1789-1914

法国的友谊艺术，1789-1914 年

• 批准号: AH/P002447/1
• 负责人: Nicholas White
• 金额: $ 4.42万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FP002447%2F1
• 关键词: Art; Friendship; France; 1789; 1914

Friendship is everywhere. It is almost impossible to imagine a society or culture without it. Yet for a concept that is so immediately, intuitively meaningful to virtually all human beings, friendship has been a famously intractable scholarly problem. Unofficial, uncodified and unregulated (not to mention, very often, unspoken), friendship does not lend itself to clear theoretical definition; nor do the friendships of the past necessarily leave traces that might allow us to elaborate a model of historical friendship from evidence. It is doubtless both the challenge and the possibilities promised by these problematic aspects of friendship that have made it such a productive field of research, across a number of disciplines, in the last twenty years. Historians and literary critics have been drawn to the theme for different reasons, and have addressed it in different ways - but they have rarely had the opportunity to compare their basic assumptions about friendship, and thus to work out if they are even talking about the same thing. Our interdisciplinary network encourages an international panel of scholars working on France in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras, the nineteenth century, and the Belle Epoque up to the Great War, to consider what presuppositions about friendship operate within their own field (and, perhaps, their own national academic context), and what they might learn from the use made of the concept by scholars in other disciplines - in particular, what new forms of evidence they might acquire through an interdisciplinary conversation, and how that evidence might enrich their own account of this central cultural question.Our network will bring together historians and literary scholars from France, Canada, the UK and the USA, who will collaboratively investigate friendship as a public and private issue, as a cultural phenomenon and a fact of life, as representation and reality. Of particular importance to us will be the relationship of friendship to sex and desire: for while historians including John Boswell and Alan Bray have debated how 'friendship' might have provided past ages with a language in which to talk about same-sex desire and relationships, critics of nineteenth-century literature might equally hanker after a language in which to talk about texts that somehow escapes the seeming monopoly of 'desire' on twentieth-century theories of reading and interpretation. Could nineteenth-century (heterosexual) men and women be 'just friends'? Could nineteenth-century literary texts represent such a friendship, whether possible or not in real life? Would a novel in which the characters were bound exclusively by friendship, and from which sexual desire was excluded, even be readable? All of these questions will flow into our collaborative exploration of what friendship meant to different people in nineteenth-century France, what new things an analysis of 'friendship' can tell us about this supposedly familiar context, and, in addition, what the peculiarities of nineteenth-century ideas on friendship can teach us of our own assumptions and blind spots about this everyday theme.

友谊无处不在。没有它，几乎不可能想象一个社会或文化。然而，对于一个如此立即，直觉上对几乎所有人类有意义的概念，友谊一直是一个非常棘手的学术问题。非正式，未经修改和不受监管（更不用说，常常是不言而喻的），友谊并不能使自己清除理论定义。过去的友谊也不一定会留下可能使我们从证据中阐述历史友谊模式的痕迹。毫无疑问，在过去的二十年中，这些有问题的友谊中有问题的友谊方面所承诺的挑战和可能性使它成为了许多学科的富有成效的研究领域。由于不同的原因，历史学家和文学批评家被引起了主题的吸引，并以不同的方式解决了这一主题 - 但他们很少有机会比较他们对友谊的基本假设，因此如果他们甚至谈论同一件事，他们就可以解决。我们的跨学科网络鼓励国际学者小组在革命和拿破仑时代的法国工作，十九世纪，以及大战之前的贝尔·埃波克（Belle Epoque），以考虑对友谊的前提在自己的领域内运作的前提（也许是他们自己的国家学术背景），以及他们可以通过良好的概念来获得的，他们可能会从中学到什么 - 他们可能会通过良好的概念来了解，而他们可能会在其他概念上获得什么，这可能会在他们的领域中获得什么，他们可能会在其他概念上获得良好的态度，而他们可能会在其他概念上获得良好的态度，而他们可能会在其他方面依据。跨学科的对话，以及该证据如何充实自己对这个中心文化问题的描述。我们的网络将汇集来自法国，加拿大，英国和美国的历史学家和文学学者，他们将作为一种文化现象和生活事实作为一种表达和现实，将其作为一种公共和私人问题进行合作，以公共和私人问题为公共和私人问题。 Of particular importance to us will be the relationship of friendship to sex and desire: for while historians including John Boswell and Alan Bray have debated how 'friendship' might have provided past ages with a language in which to talk about same-sex desire and relationships, critics of nineteenth-century literature might equally hanker after a language in which to talk about texts that somehow escapes the seeming monopoly of 'desire' on twentieth-century theories of reading和解释。 19世纪（异性恋）男人和女人可以成为“只是朋友”吗？ 19世纪的文学文本能否代表这种友谊，无论在现实生活中是否可能？角色仅受友谊的束缚，甚至是可读性的小说吗？所有这些问题都将融入我们对友谊对19世纪法国的友谊意味着什么，对“友谊”分析的新事物可以告诉我们有关这种熟悉的背景的新事物，此外，以及19世纪的19世纪友谊想法的特殊性可以教给我们我们自己的假设和盲目的假设。

项目成果

Guest-edited journal special number on The Art of Friendship in France, from the Revolution to the Great War

客座编辑的关于法国从大革命到第一次世界大战的友谊艺术的期刊特刊

• 作者: Counter A J (ed)

Between Men and Women: Making Friends in Guy de Maupassant's Bel-Ami

男人和女人之间：在莫泊桑的《美丽的朋友》中交朋友

• DOI: 10.1215/26885220-110.1-4.203
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Romanic Review
• 影响因子: 0.1
• 作者: White N