NEW APPROACHES TO THE MODELING OF SPECIATION

形态建模的新方法

• 批准号: 2857314
• 负责人: SERGEY Y GAVRILETS
• 金额: $ 6.8万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE KNOXVILLE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-01-01 至 2000-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2857314
• 关键词: biochemical evolution; genetic models; genetic polymorphism; genetic recombination; genotype; mathematical model; natural selections; physical fitness; population genetics; quantitative trait loci; species difference; systematic biology

The overall aim of this project is to better understand biological processes leading to speciation through a study of the dynamic and static behavior of various multilocus models. Existing approaches to the modeling of speciation are deficient in several ways. Usually a small number (one or two) of loci or quantitative traits are considered, selectin is assumed to be weak, population size is considered to be constant, and only a very limited number of selection regimes mostly reflecting the dominant paradigm of "rugged adaptive landscapes" have been studied. Recently a hew metaphor of "holey adaptive landscapes" (Gavrilets and Gravner, 1997) has been put forward as a plausible alternative to the conventional view of rugged adaptive landscapes. This metaphor, which can be traced to a two- locus two-allele model described by Dobzhansky (1937), is the core of the research proposed here. Using a combination of analytical methods and extensive numerical simulations this project will study the dynamics of speciation of holey adaptive landscapes taking into account various factors operating in natural populations. In developing and analyzing speciation models both standard population genetics approaches and novel methods recently developed in physics will be used. This project will investigate the structure of holey adaptive landscapes by focusing on correlated landscapes and concentrating on the possibilities for genetic divergence and speciation introduced by recombination. The dynamics of population evolution on holey adaptive landscapes as determined by mutation, segregation and recombination, random and non-random mating, spatial distribution, population growth and random drift will be studied. Theoretical assumptions and predictions will be tested against properties of natural and laboratory populations. For this purpose, distributions of fitnesses in hybrids and backcrosses, responses of laboratory populations to artificial selection, characteristics of hybrid zones, and macroevolutionary patterns deduced from the fossil record will be used.

该项目的总体目的是更好地了解生物学 通过对动态和静态的研究导致物种形成的过程 各种多焦点模型的行为。现有的建模方法 物种形成在几种方面都缺乏。通常是少数（一个 考虑了基因座或定量性状的两个）假设。 要虚弱，人口规模被认为是恒定的，只有一个非常 有限数量的选择制度主要反映主要的 已经研究了“坚固的自适应景观”的范式。最近 “孔自适应景观”的隐喻（Gavrilets and Gravner，1997年） 提出作为传统观点的合理替代品 坚固的自适应景观。这个隐喻可以追溯到两个 Dobzhansky（1937）所描述的基因座二位高分子模型是 这里提出的研究。 结合分析方法和广泛的数值 模拟该项目将研究孔形成的动力学 自适应景观考虑了各种因素 天然人群。在开发和分析物种模型时既 标准种群遗传学方法和新方法 将使用物理学开发。 该项目将调查孔自适应景观的结构 通过专注于相关的景观并专注于 引入的遗传差异和物种形成的可能性 重组。人口发展的动力学在洞自适应上 由突变，隔离和重组确定的景观， 随机和非随机交配，空间分布，人口增长和 将研究随机漂移。理论上的假设和预测将 对天然和实验室种群的特性进行测试。为了 这个目的，杂种和背部杂交中健身的分布， 实验室人口对人工选择的反应， 杂交区的特征和宏观进化模式推导 从化石记录中将使用。