CONTAGION PSYCHOLOGY, NEEDLE SHARING AND AIDS AVERSION

传染心理学、共用针头和厌恶艾滋病

• 批准号: 2634038
• 负责人: PAUL ROZIN
• 金额: $ 11.3万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-02-01 至 1999-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2634038
• 关键词: AIDS; adult human (21+); anxiety; attitude; avoidance behavior; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; communicable disease transmission; disease /disorder proneness /risk; fear; health behavior; homicide; human subject; interpersonal relations; interview; needle sharing; psychology; questionnaires; tuberculosis

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) In general, adult human beings show an aversion to contact or commerce with an entity which has been in contact with an undesirable or unknown person. This phenomenon is called negative interpersonal contagion. These negative feelings motivate avoidance of entities that have previously contacted diseased persons or morally compromised persons. We have published evidence indicating that negative interpersonal contagion accounts for part of the general tendency to avoid indirect contact with people with AIDS. A muting of negative interpersonal contagion seems to be operative when drug abusers share needles. This study involves the explication of the nature of the negativity that is "transmitted" by contact. Through questionnaires, interviews and controlled manipulations in a laboratory setting, we will distinguish and evaluate three models that account for interpersonal contagion: 1. passage of a material essence, 2. passage of a spiritual essence, and 3. pure association. We believe that most people operate with more than one model, the salient model in any situation being determined by the nature of the source of negativity (e.g., a person with an illness versus a person with a moral taint) and by individual differences. The study will also examine why interpersonal contagion varies depending on the individual and situation. Accounts explored will include the model of contagion that is operative, general sensitivity to contagion and disgust, and the way people frame their experiences (the extent to which they think about or attend to moral/health risk issues in daily experience). Attempts to increase contagion sensitivity (e.g., in needle sharing by drug abusers) or to decrease it (e.g., in over-response to casual contact with AIDS) should be informed by a better understanding of the psychological representation of the nature of the contagious entity.

描述：（申请人的摘要） 一般而言，成年人表现出一种与 与不良或不知名的人接触的实体。 这种现象称为负人际传染。 这些负面 感觉激励避免以前已联系的实体 患病的人或道德妥协的人。 我们已经发表了证据 表明负面的人际传染病解释了一部分 避免与艾滋病患者间接接触的一般趋势。 静音 当吸毒者时，人际传染性负面传染似乎是有效的 分享针头。 这项研究涉及阐明 通过接触“传递”的负性。 通过问卷， 在实验室环境中的访谈和受控操作，我们将 区分和评估三种涉及人际关系的模型 传染病：1。物质本质的通过，2。精神的通过 本质和3。纯关联。 我们相信大多数人都与 多个模型，在任何情况下由 消极来源的本质（例如，患有疾病的人 与具有道德污点的人和个体差异。 这 研究还将检查为什么人际传染的原因取决于 个人和情况。 探索的帐户将包括 具有手术的传染性，对传染和厌恶的一般敏感性， 以及人们构建自己的经历的方式（他们认为的程度 关于日常经验中的道德/健康风险问题，大约或参加道德/健康风险问题）。 尝试 提高传染性敏感性（例如，滥用药物的针头共享） 或减少它（例如，与艾滋病的随意接触过度响应） 应该通过更好地理解心理学来告知 代表传染性实体的本质。

项目成果

The role of low progesterone and tension as triggers of perimenstrual chocolate and sweets craving: some negative experimental evidence.

低黄体酮和紧张作为围经期巧克力和甜食渴望触发因素的作用：一些负面的实验证据。

• DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9384(99)00094-3
• 发表时间: 1999
• 期刊: Physiology & behavior
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Michener,W;Rozin,P;Freeman,E;Gale,L
• 通讯作者: Gale,L