SPATIAL PATTERNS OF BUDDING IN YEAST

酵母出芽的空间模式

• 批准号: 2705037
• 负责人: JOHN S CHANT
• 金额: $ 25.82万
• 依托单位: HARVARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-08-01 至 2002-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2705037
• 关键词: affinity chromatography; biological signal transduction; cell cycle; cell growth regulation; cellular polarity; fungal genetics; gene expression; gene mutation; membrane proteins; protein localization; surface plasmon resonance; yeast two hybrid system; yeasts

Generation of cellular asymmetry is an unsolved problem fundamental to biology. This research seeks to develop a molecular mechanistic understanding of how yeast cells orient and assemble axes of polarity during vegetative division by budding. Yeast cells polarize, bud, and divide in two spatial patterns: the axial pattern of haploids in which buds form adjacent to the previous site of cell division, and the bipolar pattern of diploids in which buds form at either cell pole. The first focus is an investigation of the function of Bud10/Ax12, a type I transmembrane protein, which directs haploid cells to bud in axial orientations. Aims 1 and 2 investigate the following questions: How are the localizations of axial bud-site-selection proteins (Bud3, Bud4, Bud10) temporally controlled in the cell cycle? How is Bud10 regulated to signal in haploids but not in diploids? What are the signaling targets controlled by Bud10? The second focus of this proposal is an investigation of the mechanism by which the conserved GTPase Cdc42 controls cytoskeletal polarization. Experiments are designed to identify novel Cdc42 targets or downstream pathway components, and to analyze the mechanism of action of newly described Cdc42 targets, Gic1 and Gic2. The problem of cell polarization has implications for understanding human physiology and disease. Cell polarization underlies the development of axons in the nervous system, cell-cell communication and killing in the immune response, and cell migration throughout the body. Derangements of cellular organization are strongly associated with tumor metastasis and invasiveness. Many of the molecules that control polarization in yeast are conserved in humans, therefore what is learned should guide the understanding of similar processes in human cells.

细胞不对称的产生是根本无法解决的问题 生物学。 这项研究旨在开发分子机械 了解酵母细胞如何定向和组装极性轴 在营养师期间通过萌芽。酵母细胞极化，芽和 分隔两个空间模式：单倍体的轴向模式，其中 芽形成与先前的细胞分裂地点相邻的，并形成 二倍体的双极模式在任何一个细胞极处形成芽。 这 首先焦点是对Bud10/ax12的功能的调查，一种类型 i跨膜蛋白，该蛋白将单倍体细胞引导至轴向芽 方向。 目标1和2研究以下问题：如何 是轴向芽丝体选择蛋白（Bud3，bud4， bud10）在细胞周期中受到时间控制？ Bud10如何调节 在单倍体中发出信号，而不是在二倍体中发出信号？ 信号是什么 Bud10控制的目标？该提议的第二个重点是 研究保守GTPase CDC42的机制 控制细胞骨架极化。 实验被设计为 识别新颖的CDC42目标或下游途径成分，并 分析新描述的CDC42目标的作用机理，GIC1 和GIC2。 细胞极化问题对 了解人类的生理和疾病。 细胞极化 基础是神经系统中轴突的发展 免疫反应中的沟通和杀死，细胞迁移 整个身体。 细胞组织的危险很强 与肿瘤转移和侵袭性有关。 许多 控制酵母中极化的分子在人类中是保守的， 因此，学到的应指导对类似的理解 人类细胞中的过程。