Using vortical airflow to pressurize the upper airway without a tight seal during CPAP therapy

在 CPAP 治疗期间使用涡流气流对上呼吸道加压，无需紧密密封

• 批准号: 10594761
• 负责人: Liran Oren
• 金额: $ 40.18万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-03-05 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10594761
• 关键词: Aerospace Engineering; Affect; Air Movements; Breathing; Cannulas; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chronic; Clinical effectiveness; Collaborations; Computers; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Data; Development; Devices; Dimensions; Ensure; Equipment; Evaluation; Face; Feedback; Goals; Habits; Human; Image; Individual; Industry; Marketing; Masks; Muscle relaxation phase; Nose; Obstruction; Obstructive Sleep Apnea; Patients; Penetration; Pharyngeal structure; Phenotype; Physiologic pulse; Physiological; Population; Positioning Attribute; Production; Property; Reapplication; Recommendation; Risk; Security; Sleep; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Structure; System; Technology; Testing; Treatment Failure; Universities; Work; adverse outcome; airway obstruction; base; clinical efficacy; commercialization; compliance behavior; data acquisition; design; laptop; manufacture; new technology; non-compliance; pharynx muscle; positive airway pressure; preference; pressure; prevent; product development; programs; prototype; pulmonary function; seal; soft tissue; stem; therapy adherence

PROJECT SUMMARY Despite the clinical effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), patient compliance with the therapy remains a major cause of treatment failure. This chronic sleep-related breathing disorder that affects 5-10% of the population is associated with various serious adverse outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases. OSA involves a decrease or complete halt in airflow despite an ongoing breathing effort. It occurs when muscles relax during sleep, causing soft tissues in the posterior pharynx to collapse and obstruct the upper airway. CPAP, which is broadly considered first-line therapy for OSA, keeps the upper airway open with positive airway pressure to prevent airway obstruction by the collapse of the soft tissues. However, CPAP requires a tight seal between the mask and the patient's face closed system to maintain airway pressure. Although effective when used consistently, CPAP is not well tolerated by many patients largely due to the discomfort of the tight-fitting mask of current devices. A promising new development derives from our recent work based on the re-application of “vortical airflow,” a flow control mechanism commonly used in aerospace engineering applications. The unique aerodynamic properties of vortical airflow enable it to pressurize the upper airways without the need for a tight-fitting mask. The current project is designed to accomplish two critical milestones. First, the current prototype will be advanced to function as a stand-alone unit with an overall size similar to currently marketed CPAP devices. Second, it will demonstrate that the nasal interface of the new prototype is more comfortable than CPAP masks.

项目概要 尽管持续气道正压通气（CPAP）对于阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停具有临床效果 (OSA)，患者对治疗的依从性仍然是治疗失败的主要原因，这种慢性睡眠相关。 影响 5-10% 人口的呼吸障碍与各种严重不良后果相关， 包括心血管疾病在内的 OSA 涉及气流减少或完全停止，尽管持续存在。 当睡眠期间肌肉放松时，就会发生呼吸困难，导致后咽部的软组织收缩。 持续气道正压通气 (CPAP) 被广泛认为是 OSA 的一线治疗方法，可保持上呼吸道的塌陷和阻塞。 用气道正压通气打开上呼吸道，以防止软组织塌陷阻塞气道。 然而，CPAP 需要面罩和患者面部封闭系统之间紧密密封以维持气道 尽管持续使用 CPAP 是有效的，但许多患者对 CPAP 的耐受性不佳，这主要是由于以下原因。 当前设备的紧身面罩的不适感。 我们最近的工作基于“垂直气流”的重新应用，产生了一个有前途的新发展， 航空航天工程应用中常用的流量控制机构。 垂直气流的特性使其能够对上呼吸道进行加压，而无需佩戴紧身面罩。 当前的项目旨在实现两个关键的里程碑：首先，当前的原型将得到改进。 其次，它可以作为一个独立装置，其整体尺寸与目前市售的 CPAP 设备相似。 证明新原型的鼻接口比 CPAP 面罩更舒适。