Syntactic control of lexical activation during speech production - Resubmission - 1

言语产生过程中词汇激活的句法控制 - 重新提交 - 1

• 批准号: 10537853
• 负责人: Adam M Morgan
• 金额: $ 6.76万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10537853
• 关键词: Affect; Agrammatism; Agreement; Animals; Aphasia; Area; Attention; Behavior; Binding; Brain; Canis familiaris; Clinical; Code; Cognitive Science; Communication; Complement; Complex; Comprehension; Consensus; Data; Development; Disease; Electrocorticogram; Electrodes; Electroencephalography; Environment; Family; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Grain; Human; Impairment; Individual; Language; Life; Light; Linguistics; Link; Literature; Maps; Mentors; Modeling; Morphologic artifacts; Motor; Names; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Neurobiology; Neurosciences; Patients; Pattern; Persons; Play; Population; Positioning Attribute; Primates; Probability; Process; Production; Proxy; Psyche structure; Psycholinguistics; Research; Retrieval; Role; Running; Schizophrenia; Semantics; Speech; Stimulus; Structure; System; Testing; Thinking; Training; Trees; United States; Work; cognitive process; innovation; language processing; lexical; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; novel strategies; psychologic; relating to nervous system; signal processing; specific language impairment; syntax; temporal measurement

Project Summary/Abstract Language is a defining feature of being human. No other animal has the ability to systematically order words or signs so as to communicate complex thoughts, nor does such complex communication play nearly as central a role in other species. According to the NIDCD, roughly 1 million people in the United States have some form of aphasia, or loss of linguistic ability. The consequences are devastating for individuals and families. The power of language derives from a unique evolutionary development: syntax, the abstract rules that allow us to combine finite words into infinitely many possible strings. Without syntax, communication is painstaking and error-prone. Despite its centrality, little remains known about its neural instantiation. Previous research has attempted to experimentally isolate syntax so as to localize it in the brain, but this approach has produced mixed and inconsistent results. We take a novel approach, using electrocorticography (ECoG) to investigate a well- defined component of syntax: sequencing, or selecting words in an order determined by syntax. A main impediment to progress in understanding syntax at the neural level is a granularity mismatch problem. Neuroscience tends to deal in broader conceptual distinctions, as evidenced by experimental manipulations that attempt to isolate all of syntax. However, psycholinguistic models tend to be much finer grained, portraying syntactic abilities as a conglomerate of processes and representations rather than a monolithic entity that can be turned on or off. Here, we leverage computationally explicit models to make linking hypotheses between cognitive processes and commensurate neural mechanisms. For instance, sequencing critically relies on a binding mechanism for linking particular words to positions in a syntactic tree. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that binding between syntax and words is instantiated as neural synchrony between regions encoding syntax and those encoding words. Our approach has a number of strengths. (1) As ECoG is largely insensitive to production artifacts, we will employ a production paradigm, allowing us to more clearly isolate particular syntactic processes than traditional comprehension studies. (2) ECoG has unparalleled spatial and temporal resolution. (3) Our research draws not only from findings in neuroscience, but from computationally explicit psycholinguistic models, allowing us to test hypotheses that have a high probability of being at least partially correct. This project leverages the applicant’s expertise in linguistics and cognitive psychology, and complements this background with additional training in neuroscience and signal processing. The applicant will be embedded in a world-class research and clinical environment, with dedicated mentors who are leading experts in ECoG and the neurobiology of language. The findings will deepen our understanding of normally functioning communication, in line with the NIDCD’s first priority area, by shedding light on the mechanisms affected in word order deficits, which are common in a range of disorders including aphasia and specific language impairment.

项目概要/摘要 语言是人类的一个决定性特征，没有其他动物具有系统地排序单词或语言的能力。 符号来传达复杂的思想，这种复杂的交流也几乎没有起到中心作用。 根据 NIDCD 的数据，美国大约有 100 万人患有某种形式的疾病。 失语症，或语言能力丧失，其后果对个人和家庭来说是毁灭性的。 语言的力量源自独特的进化发展：语法，即允许我们 将有限的单词组合成无限多个可能的字符串，如果没有语法，沟通是艰苦且困难的。 尽管它很重要，但之前的研究对其神经实例知之甚少。 试图通过实验分离语法，以便将其定位在大脑中，但这种方法产生了混合的结果 我们采用了一种新颖的方法，使用皮层电图（ECoG）来研究一个良好的结果。 语法的定义组成部分：排序，或按照语法确定的顺序选择单词。 在神经层面理解语法的一个主要障碍是粒度不匹配问题。 神经科学倾向于处理更广泛的概念区别，实验操作证明了这一点 然而，心理语言学模型往往更细粒度地描述。 句法能力作为过程和表示的集合体，而不是一个可以 在这里，我们利用计算显式模型来做出之间的联系假设。 例如，排序严重依赖于认知过程和相应的神经机制。 将特定单词链接到句法树中的位置的绑定机制。 建议将语法和单词之间的绑定实例化为区域编码之间的神经同步 语法和那些单词的编码。 (1) 由于 ECoG 对生产伪影基本上不敏感，因此我们将采用 生产范式，使我们能够比传统的更清晰地隔离特定的句法过程 (2) ECoG 具有无与伦比的空间和时间分辨率。 (3) 我们的研究没有得出结论。 仅来自神经科学的发现，但来自计算明确的心理语言模型，使我们能够测试 很有可能至少部分正确的假设。 该项目利用了申请人在语言学和认知心理学方面的专业知识，并补充了这一点 具有神经科学和信号处理方面额外培训的背景，申请人将被嵌入到一个项目中。 世界一流的研究和临床环境，拥有专门的导师，他们是 ECoG 和 语言神经生物学的研究结果将加深我们对正常沟通功能的理解， 根据 NIDCD 的首要优先领域，通过阐明受词序缺陷影响的机制， 这在失语症和特定语言障碍等一系列疾病中很常见。