Environmental Contributions to Disparities in Learning Disabilities: The Columbia Psychiatry, Psychology, and Public Health Collaborative Learning Disabilities Innovation Hub

环境对学习障碍差异的影响：哥伦比亚精神病学、心理学和公共卫生合作学习障碍创新中心

• 批准号: 10533147
• 负责人: AMY MARGOLIS
• 金额: $ 61.06万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10533147
• 关键词: Academia; Academic achievement; Academic skills; Achievement; Address; Adolescent; Air Pollution; Animal Model; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Behavioral; Birth; Black race; Categories; Chemicals; Child; Child Health; Child Psychiatry; Cognitive; Communication; Complex; Corpus striatum structure; Data; Development; Dimensions; Dopamine; Economically Deprived Population; Economics; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Health; Environmental Risk Factor; Environmental Science; Etiology; Exposure to; Extramural Activities; Family; Fostering; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Future; Genetic Variation; Goals; Health Sciences; Human; Infrastructure; Instruction; Interdisciplinary Education; Intervention; Knowledge; Latinx; Lead; Leadership; Learning; Learning Disabilities; Learning Disorders; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mathematics; Mediating; Mentors; Mentorship; Methodology; Midbrain structure; Modeling; Neural Pathways; Neurobiology; Neuropsychology; Neurosciences; Neurosciences Research; Neurotoxins; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Performance; Phenotype; Population; Positioning Attribute; Prevention program; Process; Psychiatry; Psychological reinforcement; Psychology; Public Health; Reading; Reading Disorder; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Role; Sampling; Scientist; Source; Stress; System; Training; Training and Infrastructure; Translating; Translations; Underrepresented Populations; United States; academic intervention; base; brain behavior; career; classical conditioning; cognitive neuroscience; cognitive process; cohort; disadvantaged background; early life stress; environmental chemical exposure; epidemiology study; experience; exposure pathway; federal poverty level; field study; genetic predictors; high risk; improved; innovation; intervention program; learning ability; neural circuit; neuroimaging; neuromelanin; neurotoxic; next generation; novel; prenatal; prenatal exposure; programs; prospective; recruit; relating to nervous system; social; socioeconomic disadvantage; standardize measure; training opportunity

The Columbia Psychiatry, Psychology, and Public Health Collaborative Learning Disabilities (LD) Innovation Hub brings together experts from distinct fields–-LD and neuropsychology, child psychiatry, cognitive neuroscience, public health and environmental science–-to improve our etiologic understanding of environmentally-associated learning difficulties (LDiff), defined both dimensionally and categorically by performance in the lowest quartile on standardized measures of reading and math. Our study includes Black and Latinx children from economically disadvantaged families—populations at high risk for prenatal exposure to neurotoxic chemicals and learning problems, who have historically been excluded from research. The Hub will establish infrastructure to (a) foster innovative research into the complex etiology and neural underpinnings of environmentally-associated LDiff in the context of economic adversity, and (b) train future interdisciplinary LD scholars and leaders in cutting-edge neuroscience and to engage with the wider child educational system. The Hub will document how prenatal environmental chemical exposures contribute to the achievement gap in the United States. Long term, the Hub will help close the achievement gap by identifying behavioral and neural pathways from prenatal exposures to LDiff—pathways that may be amenable to change. The Embedded Research Project will identify neural and cognitive pathways through which prenatal exposure to air pollution and early life stress (ELS) lead to LDiff in a sample of Black and Latinx children and adolescents. We will use novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of neuromelanin, a by-product of midbrain dopamine, and model-based functional MRI to probe dopaminergic circuits and related inhibitory control (IC) and reinforcement learning (RL) in relation to prenatal exposure. We hypothesize that midbrain dopamine serves as a critical mechanism mediating air pollution and ELS effects on domain-general cognitive factors (IC and RL) and LDiff. The Leadership Core will establish the Hub's administrative and training infrastructure and foster the next generation of interdisciplinary LD researchers, trained in public health and LDiff through an innovative program including neuroscience research experience, methodological and translational coursework, mentoring and interdisciplinary practicum training in the educational setting. We continue our commitment to the recruitment of early career scientists from underrepresented groups, preparing them for research and leadership positions in LD. IMPACT: Through our innovative, high-risk project and integrated training/mentorship opportunities we will identify novel circuits and potentially modifiable environmental risk factors implicated in LDiff in children from economically disadvantaged families. We will develop an intellectual and administrative infrastructure to serve as a foundation for a future Center for Environmental LD Research, capable of translating our research findings into actionable prevention and intervention programs.

哥伦比亚精神病学、心理学和公共卫生协作学习障碍 (LD) 创新中心汇集了来自不同领域的专家——LD和神经心理学、儿童精神病学、 认知神经科学、公共卫生和环境科学——提高我们对病因的认识 与环境相关的学习困难（LDiff），在维度和类别上定义为 在标准化阅读和数学测量中，黑人的表现处于最低四分位。 和来自经济困难家庭的拉丁裔儿童——产前暴露的高风险人群 神经毒性化学物质和学习问题，这些人历来被排除在研究之外。 将建立基础设施以（a）促进对复杂病因学和神经基础的创新研究 经济逆境背景下与环境相关的 LDiff 的研究，以及 (b) 培养未来的跨学科 LD 尖端神经科学领域的学者和领导者，并参与更广泛的儿童教育 该中心将记录产前环境化学物质暴露如何促成这一成就。 从长远来看，该中心将通过识别行为和行为来帮助缩小成就差距。 从产前暴露到 LDiff 的神经通路——可能会改变的通路。 嵌入式研究项目将确定产前暴露的神经和认知途径 空气污染和早期生活压力 (ELS) 导致黑人和拉丁裔儿童样本中出现 LDiff， 我们将使用新型磁共振成像 (MRI) 来检测神经黑色素（中脑的副产品）。 多巴胺和基于模型的功能 MRI 来探测多巴胺能回路和相关的抑制控制 (IC) 和强化学习（RL）与产前暴露有关。 作为介导空气污染和 ELS 对领域一般认知因素（IC 和 RL）和 LDiff 领导核心将建立该中心的行政和培训基础设施以及 培养下一代跨学科 LD 研究人员，通过公共卫生和 LDiff 接受培训 创新项目包括神经科学研究经验、方法论和转化课程， 我们继续致力于教育环境中的指导和跨学科实习培训。 从代表性不足的群体中招募早期职业科学家，为他们的研究和工作做好准备 LD 中的领导地位：通过我们的创新、高风险项目和综合性项目。 培训/指导机会，我们将识别新颖的电路和潜在的可修改电路 经济困难家庭儿童 LDiff 涉及的环境风险因素。 我们将开发知识和行政基础设施，作为未来的基础 环境LD研究中心，能够将我们的研究成果转化为可操作的 预防和干预计划。