BRAIN MATURATION--FUNCTION OF REM SLEEP

大脑成熟——快速眼动睡眠的功能

• 批准号: 2269677
• 负责人: Howard Philip Roffwarg
• 金额: $ 22.11万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MED CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-09-01 至 1998-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2269677
• 关键词: Mammalia; REM sleep; binocular vision; cytology; developmental neurobiology; lateral geniculate body; neural plasticity; visual cortex; visual deprivation; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the applicant's abstract): The long-term objective of this proposal is to provide strong supporting evidence for an "ontogenetic hypothesis" of the function of REMS, namely, that REMS plays a significant role in the maturational development of the central nervous system. In the nearly 40 years since REMS was first described, much has been learned regarding the mechanisms that generate and sustain REMS as well as its phenomenology and impact on neurophysiological, metabolic, endocrine and pathological processes. However, to date, nothing is known with certainty about the function or functional consequences of this activated state and why different species have more or less of it. This is especially surprising considering the abundant amounts of time typically devoted to this sleep phase, particularly during early life: the phase of neonatal maturation and development when REMS amounts are maximal. The "ontogenetic REMS hypothesis" views the REMS state as making a critical, early contribution of stimulation and activation to those integrated, "activity-dependent" developmental processes known to operate in a number of CNS areas during their critical developmental periods. The preprogrammed intrinsic input to the immature brain, in synergy with extrinsic stimulation, the applicant believes, enables and supports the structural and neurophysiological changes essential to normal CNS development. The applicant has chosen the developing mammalian visual system as a model for testing the hypotheses. Alterations in typical visual experience are required to reveal the physiological and anatomical mechanisms of operation inherent in normal maturational development within the visual system. First altering visual experience, utilizing monocular and binocular visual occlusion during the critical periods of CNS plasticity, the applicant then introduces manipulations that decrease or increase availability of the REMS state. The timing and dependent measures in the studies will permit the applicant to demonstrate distinctly additional and perhaps independent effects deriving solely from the REMS alterations. The effects of varying interactions of altered, early-visual experience with changes in amounts of REMS on visual system development will be assessed, utilizing what have become standard anatomical measures of development in this system: namely, the size of cells in the eye-specific layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and the dimensions of the eye-specific territories occupied in visual cortex by LGN relay-cell terminals.

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：长期 该提案的目的是提供有力的支持证据 REMS 功能的“个体发生假说”，即 REMS 对中枢的成熟发展具有重要作用 神经系统。 自首次描述 REMS 以来的近 40 年来， 关于产生和维持的机制已经了解了很多 REMS 及其现象学和对神经生理学的影响， 代谢、内分泌和病理过程。 然而，迄今为止， 关于功能或功能尚无确定的信息 这种激活状态的后果以及为什么不同物种有更多 或更少。 考虑到丰富的 通常用于此睡眠阶段的时间量，特别是 生命早期：新生儿成熟和发育的阶段 REMS 量为最大。 “个体发生 REMS 假说”认为 REMS 状态为刺激和早期做出关键的贡献 激活那些整合的、“活动依赖的”发展 已知在关键时期在许多中枢神经系统区域运行的过程 发育时期。 对不成熟的人的预编程内在输入 申请人认为，大脑与外部刺激协同作用， 实现并支持结构和神经生理学变化 对中枢神经系统的正常发育至关重要。 申请人选择了正在发育的哺乳动物视觉系统作为 用于检验假设的模型。 典型视觉变化 需要经验来揭示生理和解剖学 正常成熟发育所固有的运作机制 视觉系统内。首先改变视觉体验，利用 关键时期的单眼和双眼视觉遮挡 中枢神经系统可塑性，申请人随后引入了降低中枢神经系统可塑性的操作 或增加 REMS 状态的可用性。 时间和依赖性 研究中的措施将允许申请人证明 明显附加且可能独立的效果仅源自 来自 REMS 的改变。 不同相互作用的影响 早期视觉体验随着 REMS 数量的变化而改变 将评估视觉系统的发展，利用已成为的 该系统发育的标准解剖学测量：即 外侧膝状体眼睛特定层细胞的大小 细胞核（LGN）和所占据的眼睛特定区域的尺寸 LGN 中继细胞终端在视觉皮层中。