Global Intracellular Responses to Mitophagy

对线粒体自噬的整体细胞内反应

• 批准号: 10469574
• 负责人: Alicia M Pickrell
• 金额: $ 38.68万
• 依托单位: VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-13 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10469574
• 关键词: Affect; Biochemical; Cell division; Cell physiology; Cells; Cellular biology; Centrosome; Cognition Disorders; Complex; Defect; Disease; Drosophila genus; Encephalitis; Ensure; Gene Proteins; Genes; Goals; Inflammation; Link; Longevity; Malignant Neoplasms; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Inheritance; Mitotic; Mutate; Mutation; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Organelles; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Parkinson Disease; Phosphotransferases; Process; Quality Control; Signal Transduction; Transgenic Mice; Work; cell type; daughter cell; human disease; imaging genetics; insight; mitochondrial dysfunction; mouse model; prevent; response; stem cell division; stem cells

PROJECT SUMMARY Mitochondria perform oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP for a majority of the cells in the body. The accumulation of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to a wide range of human diseases. Mitophagy is a quality control process that eliminates and recycles damaged mitochondria to prevent their accumulation. A majority of studies focus on how mitophagy defects affect post-mitotic cells because the first identified autosomal recessive mutations in mitophagy genes caused neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s. However, it is now clear that many other cell types have high levels of mitophagic activity; yet, we do not understand the importance or impact of mitophagy in these contexts. For example, stem cells display high levels of mitophagy, divide continuously throughout their lifespan, and possibly use mitophagy as a mechanism to ensure daughter cells receive healthy mitochondria. Towards this goal, our findings support that mitophagy and cell division are intimately linked by a required interorganelle signaling kinase that translocates to either mitochondria or centrosomes to activate either cell process. To build upon this work within the next five years, this proposal will use live imaging, genetic drosophila screens, cell biology and biochemical approaches, transgenic mouse models, and primary stem cells to answer the following questions: 1) Do defects in mitophagy affect stem cell division and mitochondrial inheritance? 2) Can we identify other mitophagy proteins/genes that influence cell division? 3) Does the type of interorganelle signaling that connects mitophagy and cell division control other cellular processes when dictated by its subcellular localization? The broad implications of this work will elucidate why mitophagy genes are mutated in other complex diseases such as cancer, provide insight into how mitochondrial dysfunction affects stem cells contributing to neurodevelopmental and cognitive disorders, and define fundamental signaling interactions between organelles to deepen our understanding of how cells globally respond to dysfunctional mitochondria.

项目概要 线粒体进行氧化磷酸化，为体内大多数细胞产生 ATP。 受损或功能失调的线粒体的积累会导致多种人类疾病。 线粒体自噬是一种质量控制过程，可消除并回收受损的线粒体，以防止其受损 大多数研究集中于线粒体自噬缺陷如何影响有丝分裂后细胞，因为第一个积累。 确定了线粒体自噬基因的常染色体隐性突变导致神经退行性疾病，例如 然而，现在我们已经清楚许多其他细胞类型也具有高水平的线粒体自噬活性。 不了解线粒体自噬在这些情况下的重要性或影响，例如，干细胞表现出高水平。 线粒体自噬水平，在其生命周期中不断分裂，并可能使用线粒体自噬作为一种机制 为了确保子细胞获得健康的线粒体，我们的研究结果支持线粒体自噬。 和细胞分裂通过所需的细胞器间信号激酶密切相关，该激酶易位至任一 线粒体或中心体激活任一细胞过程 为了在未来五年内继续这项工作， 该提案将使用实时成像、遗传果蝇筛选、细胞生物学和生化方法， 转基因小鼠模型和原代干细胞回答以下问题：1）线粒体自噬是否存在缺陷 影响干细胞分裂和线粒体遗传？ 2）我们能鉴定出其他线粒体自噬蛋白/基因吗？ 3）连接线粒体自噬和细胞分裂的细胞器间信号传导类型是否影响细胞分裂？ 当其亚细胞定位决定时控制其他细胞过程？这项工作的广泛意义是什么？ 将阐明为什么线粒体自噬基因在其他复杂疾病（例如癌症）中发生突变，提供深入了解 线粒体功能障碍如何影响导致神经发育和认知障碍的干细胞， 并定义细胞器之间的基本信号相互作用，以加深我们对细胞如何 对功能失调的线粒体做出全球反应。