Improving the Accuracy, Utility, and Equity of Risk Assessment in the Juvenile Justice System: A Mixed-Method Study

提高少年司法系统风险评估的准确性、实用性和公平性：混合方法研究

• 批准号: 10454278
• 负责人: Joseph R Cohen
• 金额: $ 19.07万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-20 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10454278
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Age; Algorithms; Assessment tool; Attention; Basic Science; Behavioral; Caregivers; Clinical; Clinical Services; Communities; Data; Data Analyses; Data Analytics; Discrimination; Distress; Emotional; Environmental Risk Factor; Ethnic Origin; Evidence Based Medicine; Family; Foundations; Funding; Future; Gender; Goals; Health; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Joints; Justice; Link; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator of activation protein; Mental Health; Mental Health Services; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Personal Satisfaction; Phase; Population; Poverty; Prevention Protocols; Process; Process Assessment; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Race; Randomized Controlled Trials; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Methodology; Resources; Risk; Risk Assessment; Sampling; Savings; Services; Social support; Structure; Testing; Trauma; Violence; Youth; adverse childhood events; analytical tool; base; behavioral health; behavioral outcome; cultural competence; demographics; design; emotional distress; emotional experience; ethnic minority; evidence base; experience; high-risk adolescents; improved; indexing; juvenile justice system; novel; peer; prevent; preventive intervention; probation; programs; prospective; racial and ethnic; resilience; substance use; systems research; theories; tool; trauma exposure; violence perpetration; violence prevention; violent crime; vulnerable adolescent

Project Summary Preventing adolescent delinquency, especially engagement in violence perpetration, is a critical public health aim. Data- driven risk assessments are the dominant paradigm for (a) prioritizing need and (b) selecting which clinical services are needed for the approximate 2 million adolescents involved with the juvenile justice system annually. Ultimately, these data analytic tools generate a “risk score” that guide referrals for behavioral and mental health services. Despite their widespread use, however, critical limitations for these structured risk assessments persist. These include (a) measuring dynamic processes decontextualized from adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), (b) questionable validity in assessing risk in diverse adolescent populations, and (c) a narrow focus on violent behavior, with little consideration of critical mental health concerns (e.g., emotional distress, substance) as outcomes. Addressing these limitations is the answer to laying the foundation for a more trauma-informed, culturally-competent, and clinically useful risk assessment process to emerge for vulnerable adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system. The proposed study seeks to address these aims via a novel, mixed method research approach. In the first phase of the study, we will conduct qualitative interviews to determine how adolescents and caregivers involved with the juvenile justice system perceive the pathways for risk and resilience for overarching behavioral and emotional health. An emphasis of these interviews is to understand (a) what ACEs are most salient to juvenile justice-involved adolescents’ well-being, (b) which mechanisms explain the link between ACEs and mental health, and (c) who is most sensitive to ACEs. For the second study aim, we will conduct secondary data analyses to determine which risks and strengths assessed in current risk assessments mediate and/or moderate the relation between trauma-exposure and maladaptive outcomes and how well these risks and strengths classify individuals who are more likely to engage in violence perpetration, substance use, and/or experience emotional distress in the future. Novel analytic strategies are used to examine how robust these models are across intersecting identities. The third aim seeks to synthetize the findings from our two methodological paradigms to examine how community-based, emic perspectives on juvenile risk converge and diverge with validated facets of a scientific, etic model of risk currently utilized by the juvenile justice system. Collective findings will serve as the foundation for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that tests if as assessment protocol based on the indices identified in our study leads to a more precise and engaging assessment and referral process for juvenile justice-involved adolescents, as well as prospective longitudinal research that seeks to quantify findings unique to our qualitative study.

项目概要 预防青少年犯罪，特别是参与暴力犯罪，是一项重要的公共卫生目标。 驱动风险评估是 (a) 优先考虑需求和 (b) 选择哪些临床服务的主导范式 每年约有 200 万青少年需要参与少年司法系统。 数据分析工具会生成“风险评分”，指导行为和心理健康服务的推荐。 然而，这些结构化风险评估的广泛使用仍然存在关键局限性，其中包括（a）测量。 从不利的童年经历（ACE）中脱离出来的动态过程，（b）评估的有效性值得怀疑 (c) 狭隘地关注暴力行为，很少考虑关键问题 解决这些限制的答案是心理健康问题（例如情绪困扰、物质）。 为更加了解创伤、具有文化能力和临床有用的风险评估过程奠定基础 为参与少年司法系统的弱势青少年而出现。 拟议的研究旨在通过一种新颖的混合方法研究方法来实现第一阶段的这些目标。 研究中，我们将进行定性访谈，以确定青少年和照顾者如何参与青少年 司法系统感知总体行为和情绪健康的风险和恢复力的途径。 这些访谈的目的是了解 (a) 哪些 ACE 对涉及少年司法的青少年的福祉最为重要， (b) 哪些机制解释了 ACE 与心理健康之间的联系，以及 (c) 谁对 ACE 最敏感。 第二个研究目标，我们将进行二次数据分析，以确定当前风险中评估的风险和优势 评估介导和/或缓和创伤暴露与适应不良结果之间的关系以及效果如何 这些风险和优势将个人归类为更有可能实施暴力、滥用药物和/或 使用新颖的分析策略来检验这些模型的稳健性。 第三个目标旨在综合我们的两种方法论范式的发现。 研究基于社区的关于青少年风险的主流观点如何与经过验证的方面相一致和分歧 青少年司法系统目前使用的科学、精确的风险模型将作为 随机对照试验 (RCT) 的基础，该试验根据中确定的指标测试是否作为评估方案 我们的研究为涉及少年司法的青少年提供了更准确、更有吸引力的评估和转介过程， 以及旨在量化我们定性研究独特发现的前瞻性纵向研究。

项目成果

Interpersonal Well-Being and Suicidal Outcomes in a Nationally Representative Study of Adolescents: A Translational Study.

全国青少年代表性研究中的人际福祉和自杀结果：一项转化研究。

• 发表时间: 2023-09
• 作者: Cohen, Joseph R;Stutts, Morgan
• 通讯作者: Stutts, Morgan

The role of hopelessness and procedural justice on depressogenic outcomes in serious adolescent offenders.

绝望和程序正义对严重青少年犯罪者抑郁结果的作用。

• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Stutts, Morgan;Cohen, Joseph R
• 通讯作者: Cohen, Joseph R