HIV RISK REDUCTION FOR INCARCERATED WOMEN

降低被监禁女性的艾滋病毒风险

• 批准号: 2255405
• 负责人: JANET S ST LAWRENCE
• 金额: $ 39.11万
• 依托单位: JACKSON STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-09-30 至 2000-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2255405
• 关键词: AIDS education /prevention; behavior modification; correctional institutions; female; health behavior; human subject; intravenous drug abuse; longitudinal human study

DESCRIPTION (adapted from the Abstract): Incarcerated women in geographic areas characterized by poverty, drug use, and high rates of sexually-transmitted diseases (STD's) are at risk for HIV infection as a result of drug use and unprotected sex as commercial and non-commercial partners. Reported HIV seroprevalence rates among incarcerated women across the country vary from a low of 3.2% to a high of 35%, with higher percentages reported from areas that have high rates of STD's and HIV infection associated with injection drug or crack use and heterosexual transmission. Data from prisons and jails across the US also reveal that female inmates are seropositive at higher rates than their incarcerated male counterparts. In this revised application the Principal Investigator proposes to: (1) implement and evaluate an eight-session HIV-risk reduction intervention based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and the Theory of Gender and Power (TGP) with 150 incarcerated women; (2) compare the intervention against a parallel life skills (LS) intervention that is focused on the same skills but is targeted on drug use with an equivalent sample of 150 incarcerated women; (3) assess diffusion into a sample of 150 women who do not receive either intervention but are housed in proximity to women who participate in the experimental interventions; (4) compare outcome against an information-only control group of 150 incarcerated women; and (5) conduct a longitudinal evaluation by following the women for 18 months after their release from prison to assess the comparative impact of the interventions during the women's reintegrations into the community. The Investigator hypothesizes that the HIV risk reduction intervention based on SCT/TGP will (1) increase the women's knowledge of HIV/AIDS, self-efficacy, attitudes toward prevention, attitudes favoring condom use, perceptions of social support for precautionary behavior, perceptions of vulnerability, and condom use skills, (2) lower perceptions of barriers to condom use; (3) produce greater exchange of condom redemption coupons at the prison infirmary; and (4) lower rates of unprotected sexual activity during their incarceration and after their release back into the community through an 18-month follow-up period to a greater extent than the LS, Diffusion, or Information conditions. In addition, the Investigator predicts (1) improved social competency skills assessed in role play simulations for the SCT and LS participants relative to the diffusion and information-only conditions, and (2) diffusion into the prison population that is reflected by changes of lower magnitude on paper-and-pencil measures completed by women housed in proximity to the women receiving the experimental interventions. Additionally, she hypothesizes that both the SCT/TPR and LS interventions will lower scores on the Million Impulse Control subscale and reduce needle-sharing to a greater extent than either the diffusion or information only conditions. By experimentally evaluating the impact of a theoretically-driven risk reduction intervention, comparing its outcome against a parallel skills training intervention unrelated to HIV or AIDS and an information-only control condition, the researchers in this study will assess the extent to which programs delivered in correctional facilities generalize into the prison population. Finally, in their longitudinal assessment for 18-months after prison release the researchers will identify the extent to which participation in each condition is associated with risk reduction behavior after release back into the community.

描述（改编自摘要）：被监禁的妇女 以贫困，吸毒和高率的特征的地理区域 性传播疾病（STD）有艾滋病毒感染的风险 吸毒和无保护性的结果是商业和非商业 合作伙伴。报告了被监禁妇女的HIV血清阳性率 全国各地的低点不到3.2％至35％ 从具有高性病和艾滋病毒率的地区报告的百分比 与注射药物或裂纹使用和异性恋有关的感染 传播。来自美国监狱和监狱的数据也表明 女囚犯的血清阳性比被监禁更高 男性。在此修订的应用程序中 调查人员建议：（1）实施和评估八项课程 基于社会认知理论（SCT）的艾滋病毒降低干预措施 以及150名被监禁的妇女的性别与权力理论（TGP）； （2） 将干预与平行生活技能（LS）干预进行比较 该专注于相同的技能，但针对吸毒的目标 等效的150名被监禁妇女的样本； （3）评估扩散到 150名不接受任何干预但有150名妇女的样本 靠近参加实验的女性 干预措施； （4）将结果与仅信息控制 150名被监禁的妇女组； （5）进行纵向 妇女释放后的18个月来评估 监狱以评估干预措施的比较影响 妇女重新融入社区。研究人员假设 基于SCT/TGP的HIV风险降低干预将（1） 提高妇女对艾滋病毒/艾滋病，自我效能，态度的了解 朝预防，有利于使用避孕套的态度，对社会的看法 支持预防行为，对脆弱性的看法和 避孕套的使用技能，（2）避孕套使用障碍的看法较低； （3） 在监狱中产生更大的交换避孕套赎回优惠券 医务室（4）在 他们的监禁和释放回到社区后 在18个月的随访期内，比LS更大的程度 扩散或信息条件。此外，调查员 预测（1）提高了在角色扮演中评估的社会能力技能 SCT和LS参与者的模拟相对于扩散和 仅信息条件，（2）扩散到监狱人口 这是由纸和铅笔上较低幅度的变化所反映的 妇女完成的措施靠近接收的妇女 实验干预措施。此外，她假设 SCT/TPR和LS干预措施将降低百万冲动的分数 控制子量表并减少针头共享的程度 仅扩散或信息条件。通过实验 评估理论驱动的降低风险的影响 干预，将结果与平行技能培训进行比较 与艾滋病毒或艾滋病无关的干预措施以及仅信息控制 条件，本研究的研究人员将评估 在惩教设施中提供的计划概括为监狱 人口。最后，在他们的18个月的纵向评估中 监狱释放后，研究人员将确定 参与每种条件与降低风险有关 释放回社区后的行为。