ARBOVIRUS CIRCULATION AND DIVERSITY OF MOSQUITO VECTORS ACROSS HABITATS IN THE GAMBIA

冈比亚各栖息地的虫媒病毒传播和蚊媒多样性

• 批准号: 10437894
• 负责人: Gillian Eastwood
• 金额: $ 6.3万
• 依托单位: VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-06-24 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10437894
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Aedes; Affect; Africa; Anopheles Genus; Antibodies; Arbovirus Infections; Arboviruses; Attention; Awareness; Blood Circulation; Catalogs; Clinical; Cold Chains; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Country; Culicidae; Data; Demography; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Vectors; Ecology; Economic Conditions; Ecosystem; Entomology; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Etiology; Fever; Future; Gambia; Geography; Goals; Habitats; Health; Health system; Human; Hygiene; Infrastructure; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Light; Link; Location; London; Malaria; Medical; Medical Research; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Politics; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Public Health; Research; Rift Valley Fever; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Rural; Sampling; Schools; Seasons; Senegal; Site; Statistical Models; Strategic Planning; Symptoms; System; Testing; Tropical Medicine; Vector-transmitted infectious disease; Virus; Yellow Fever; Yellow fever virus; ZIKA; Zika Virus; Zoonoses; burden of illness; design; experience; flu; health data; improved; infection rate; malaria mosquito; mortality; mosquito-borne; neglect; novel; novel virus; pathogen; programs; response; rural area; socioeconomics; transmission process; trend; urban area; vector; vector control; vector management strategies; vector mosquito

Project Summary/Abstract This application seeks to examine arbovirus and mosquito vector prevalence and identify their possible influence in The Gambia. An existing infrastructure in the country for malaria investigation will jumpstart this project. Like malaria, mosquito-borne arboviruses can cause febrile illness; with significant morbidity and even mortality, in multiple regions of the world. Practically nothing is known about the arboviruses that circulate in The Gambia; except for three instances: an outbreak of Yellow Fever over forty years ago, localized antibody evidence of Zika virus, and two one-off cases of Rift Valley fever. Arboviral activity of this unique country is poorly understood. Importantly, there are cases of acute febrile illness in The Gambia that are not attributable to malaria, and we hypothesize that arboviruses are circulating in the region that could be responsible for a proportion of such cases. In addition, there is a paucity of data on local mosquito populations, other than the Anopheline vectors of malaria, and potential vectors of arboviruses. Incrimination of mosquito species responsible for natural arbovirus transmission is pivotal to understanding pathogen dynamics and designing precise vector control strategies. To enhance response to emerging public health threats in The Gambia, the proposed research aims to address gaps in the knowledge of mosquito-borne arboviruses and their vectors by: (a) sampling mosquitoes in The Gambia (utilizing a framework already in place for malaria monitoring, with extended sampling locations) to contrast vector species communities in different landscapes during both the dry and rainy seasons, and to assess arboviral evidence to determine mosquito infection rates across regions; and (b) evaluating vector species diversity and abundance, as well as predictors of the risk of detected mosquito species and arboviruses, considering their prevalence in association with seasonality, macroclimate, and landscape development. Vector and arbovirus presence can, in future, be compared to potential geographic prevalence of human cases. When fever is not caused by malaria, local epidemiology, including a baseline knowledge of what arboviruses and their vectors are circulating in a region, can guide medical decisions. The proposed research is both significant and novel because it addresses the lack of understanding of arbovirus existence in a previously unstudied country, one that is experiencing unexplained cases of acute febrile illness. Although neighboring Senegal has been noted for an arboviral presence, The Gambia has a separate geography, public health system, and political setting, and is unexplored in this respect. Non-malarial febrile illness occurs in The Gambia, and we propose initial steps for investigating arboviruses as potential etiological agents, allowing for improved understanding of infectious disease agents. We aim to generate preliminary data for studies of arboviruses threatening health in The Gambia and, ultimately, facilitating targeted prevention of arboviral pathogens (as well as malaria) and a more streamlined approach to addressing vector-borne disease burden.

项目概要/摘要 该应用程序旨在检查虫媒病毒和蚊媒流行情况并确定其可能的情况 在冈比亚的影响力。该国现有的疟疾调查基础设施将推动这一工作 项目。与疟疾一样，蚊媒病毒也会引起发热性疾病。具有显着的发病率，甚至 世界多个地区的死亡率。实际上，人们对在该地区传播的虫媒病毒一无所知。 冈比亚;除了三种情况：四十多年前黄热病爆发、局部抗体 寨卡病毒的证据，以及两起一次性裂谷热病例。这个独特国家的虫媒病毒活动很差 明白了。重要的是，冈比亚存在一些并非由疟疾引起的急性发热性疾病病例， 我们假设虫媒病毒正在该地区传播，这可能是造成部分病例的原因 此类情况。此外，除了按蚊以外，关于当地蚊子种群的数据也很少。 疟疾载体和虫媒病毒的潜在载体。对造成自然灾害的蚊子种类进行定罪 虫媒病毒传播对于了解病原体动态和设计精确的病媒控制至关重要 策略。 为了加强对冈比亚新出现的公共卫生威胁的应对，拟议的研究旨在 通过以下方式弥补对蚊媒病毒及其媒介的认识差距：(a) 对蚊子进行采样 冈比亚（利用现有的疟疾监测框架，扩大采样地点） 对比旱季和雨季不同景观中的病媒物种群落，并 评估虫媒病毒证据以确定各地区的蚊子感染率； (b) 评估向量 物种多样性和丰度，以及检测到的蚊子物种和虫媒病毒风险的预测因子， 考虑到它们的流行与季节性、宏观气候和景观发展的关系。向量 未来，虫媒病毒的存在可以与人类病例的潜在地理流行率进行比较。 当发烧不是由疟疾引起时，当地流行病学，包括虫媒病毒的基本知识 它们的载体在一个地区循环，可以指导医疗决策。拟议的研究既是 重要且新颖，因为它解决了以前对虫媒病毒存在缺乏了解的问题 一个未经研究的国家，正在经历不明原因的急性发热性疾病病例。虽然邻近 塞内加尔因虫媒病毒的存在而闻名，冈比亚有独立的地理、公共卫生系统， 和政治环境，这方面尚未探索。冈比亚出现非疟疾发热性疾病，并且 我们提出了调查虫媒病毒作为潜在病原体的初步步骤，以便改进 了解传染病病原体。我们的目标是为虫媒病毒研究生成初步数据 威胁冈比亚的健康，并最终促进虫媒病毒病原体的有针对性的预防（以及 疟疾）和更简化的方法来解决媒介传播的疾病负担。