Novel Strategies to Enhance Effector Cell Functions for Antibody-Mediated Clearance of HIV-1 Infection

增强效应细胞功能以抗体介导清除 HIV-1 感染的新策略

基本信息

批准号：
10434830
负责人：
LIANG SHAN
金额：
$ 62.02万
依托单位：
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-07-01 至 2025-06-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10434830
关键词：
Anatomy Animal Model Antibodies Antibody Therapy Antibody-Dependent Enhancement Biopsy Bispecific Antibodies Blocking Antibodies Blood specimen CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes CD47 gene Cell model Cell physiology Cells Clinical DNA Dichloromethylene Diphosphonate Effector Cell FCGR3B gene Fc Immunoglobulins Fc Receptor Goals Grant Granzyme HIV HIV Infections HIV-1 Human IL18 gene IgG Receptors Immunotherapeutic agent In Vitro Infection Interferons Interleukin-12 Interleukin-15 Interruption Lymphoid Tissue Measures Mediating Modeling Monitor Mus Mutation Natural Killer Cells Patients Phagocytes Phagocytosis Plasma Play Prevention Production Proteins RNA Receptor Signaling Research Residual state Rest Role SHPS-1 protein Signal Transduction Site Testing Therapeutic Effect Therapeutic antibodies Tissues Tonsil Treatment Efficacy Viral Viral Antibodies Viral reservoir Virus Virus Diseases antibody engineering antibody test antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis antiretroviral therapy base cell killing cytokine experimental study human tissue humanized mouse improved improved functioning latent HIV reservoir latent infection lymph nodes macrophage monocyte mouse model mutant neutralizing antibody novel strategies perforin peripheral blood receptor viral RNA viral rebound

项目摘要

Abstract In patients under suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-1 persists in a latent state primarily in resting CD4+ T cells. Both neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies (nNAbs) targeting HIV-1 envelop protein can mediate killing of infected cells through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by natural killer (NK) cells or antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) by macrophages and other phagocytes. Since ART does not directly kill HIV-1-infected cells, antibodies can play an important role in elimination of the residual viral reservoirs. Broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that could neutralize a wide spectrum of clinical HIV- 1 isolates brought new hope to HIV cure research. There is burgeoning evidence that the Fc fragment is important to the antibody-mediated viral suppression. Moreover, the Fc fragment is indispensable for antibody- mediated cell killing because of its engagement with Fc-receptors (FcR) on the innate effector cells. It is important to evaluate antibody efficacy in tissues, especially in lymphoid tissues, because they are the major sites for HIV- 1 infection and are the most important anatomical reservoirs for HIV-1. The cell-killing functions of tissue innate effector cells are critical to antibody therapeutic effects. We compared NK cells from human tonsils or lymph nodes with those from peripheral blood, and found that vast majority of the NK cells in lymphoid tissues are immature and deficient in ADCC activity because:1) they do not express Fc-gamma receptor IIIA (CD16a); 2) they produce very little cytolytic molecules such as granzyme B and perforin. The objective of this grant is to study how to improve Fc-dependent effector cell functions to clear HIV-1 reservoirs using human tissue biopsies and humanized mouse models. We aim to: 1) develop the novel approaches to enhance ADCP activity; 2) improve maturation of NK cells in lymphoid tissues to acquire ADCC activity. Our study will provide critical implications to antibody-based HIV cure research.

抽象的在接受抑制性抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 的患者中，HIV-1 主要在静息状态下持续处于潜伏状态 CD4+ T 细胞。针对 HIV-1 包膜蛋白的中和抗体和非中和抗体 (nNAb) 都可以自然杀伤 (NK) 通过抗体依赖性细胞毒性 (ADCC) 介导杀死受感染细胞细胞或巨噬细胞和其他吞噬细胞的抗体依赖性细胞吞噬作用（ADCP）。自从艺术不直接杀死HIV-1感染的细胞，抗体可以在消除残留病毒方面发挥重要作用水库。广泛反应性中和抗体 (bNAb) 可以中和多种临床 HIV- 1分离株给艾滋病治疗研究带来了新的希望。越来越多的证据表明 Fc 片段对于抗体介导的病毒抑制很重要。此外，Fc片段对于抗体来说是不可缺少的—— 介导细胞杀伤，因为它与先天效应细胞上的 Fc 受体 (FcR) 结合。这很重要评估抗体在组织中的功效，特别是淋巴组织，因为它们是 HIV 的主要部位 1 感染，是 HIV-1 最重要的解剖储存库。组织固有的细胞杀伤功能效应细胞对于抗体治疗效果至关重要。我们比较了来自人类扁桃体或淋巴液的 NK 细胞与来自外周血的淋巴结，发现淋巴组织中的绝大多数 NK 细胞不成熟且 ADCC 活性不足，因为：1) 它们不表达 Fc-gamma 受体 IIIA (CD16a)； 2）它们产生很少的溶细胞分子，例如颗粒酶 B 和穿孔素。这笔赠款的目的是研究如何利用人体组织活检改善 Fc 依赖性效应细胞功能以清除 HIV-1 储存库和人源化小鼠模型。我们的目标是：1）开发新方法来增强 ADCP 活动； 2）促进淋巴组织中 NK 细胞的成熟以获得 ADCC 活性。我们的研究将提供重要的对基于抗体的艾滋病毒治疗研究的影响。