Mechanisms of RNA-DNA repair

RNA-DNA 修复机制

基本信息

批准号：
10385826
负责人：
Richard T Pomerantz
金额：
$ 37.73万
依托单位：
THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-04-08 至 2024-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10385826
关键词：
Animal Model B-DNA Base Excision Repairs Biochemical Biochemistry Biological Biological Assay Birds CRISPR/Cas technology Caliber Cell model Cells Cellular Assay Chimeric Proteins Complex Crystallization DNA DNA Damage DNA Primers DNA Repair DNA lesion DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase Deoxyribonucleotides Dependence Development Double Strand Break Repair Embryo Enzymes Exhibits Family Fibroblasts Genome HIV Human Immunoglobulin Class Switching Immunoglobulin Somatic Hypermutation Immunoglobulin Switch Recombination In Vitro Kinetics Knockout Mice Laboratories Length Mammalian Cell Measures Mediating Molecular Moloney Leukemia Virus Mus Nucleotides Plasmids Polymerase Publishing RNA RNA primers RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase Recombinants Reporter Reverse Transcription Ribonucleotides Role Structure Testing Virus base cancer cell cancer survival deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate embryonic stem cell genome editing helicase human DNA in vitro activity in vivo novel repaired response tripolyphosphate

项目摘要

Polymerase theta (Polq) is a unique polymerase-helicase fusion protein that performs multiple functions in DNA repair in mammalian cells. Polq was initially characterized as a translesion DNA polymerase due to its ability to perform replication opposite DNA lesions in vitro, and Polq translesion synthesis (TLS) has now been confirmed in cells. Our laboratory and others have also identified an essential role for Polq in repairing double-strand breaks (DSBs) via microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ). Polq has also been implicated in replication repair, base excision repair, somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination. Whether this unique and error- prone polymerase exhibits additional activities in DNA repair remains unknown. Here, we discover that recombinant human Polq exhibits robust reverse transcriptase (RT) activity, whereas all other human DNA polymerases tested from the A, B, Y and X families fail to perform reverse transcription beyond 1-2 nucleotides. Polq generates identical reverse transcription products as retroviral RTs. Unexpectedly, Polq exhibits a significantly higher velocity and fidelity of deoxyribonucleotide incorporation on RNA versus DNA templates. These preliminary studies identify Polq as a novel RT in mammalian cells. We plan to elucidate the molecular basis of Polq RT activity in vitro and investigate multiple RNA-templated DNA repair (RNA-DNA repair) mechanisms in cells and in vivo by developing the following Aims: 1. To characterize Polq reverse transcriptase activity in vitro; 2. To elucidate the molecular basis of Polq reverse transcriptase activity; 3. To investigate RNA-DNA repair using cellular and animal models. We anticipate that these studies will confirm and characterize Polq RT activity in vitro and in a biological setting, and elucidate novel mechanisms of mammalian RNA-DNA repair.

聚合酶 theta (Polq) 是一种独特的聚合酶-解旋酶融合蛋白，在 DNA 中执行多种功能哺乳动物细胞的修复。 Polq 最初被定性为跨损伤 DNA 聚合酶，因为它能够在体外进行与 DNA 损伤相反的复制，Polq 跨损伤合成 (TLS) 现已得到证实在细胞中。我们的实验室和其他实验室还确定了 Polq 在修复双链断裂中的重要作用（DSB）通过微同源介导的末端连接（MMEJ）。 Polq 也与复制修复有关，碱基切除修复、体细胞超突变和类别转换重组。这是否独特且错误- 易聚合酶在 DNA 修复中表现出额外的活性仍然未知。在这里，我们发现重组人 Polq 表现出强大的逆转录酶 (RT) 活性，而 A、B、Y 和 X 家族中测试的所有其他人类 DNA 聚合酶均无法执行反向操作转录超过1-2个核苷酸。 Polq 产生与逆转录病毒 RT 相同的逆转录产物。出乎意料的是，Polq 在脱氧核糖核苷酸掺入方面表现出显着更高的速度和保真度。 RNA 与 DNA 模板。这些初步研究将 Polq 确定为哺乳动物细胞中的一种新型 RT。我们计划阐明体外 Polq RT 活性的分子基础并研究多种 RNA 模板 DNA 修复通过开发以下目标来研究细胞和体内（RNA-DNA 修复）机制： 1. 表征 Polq 体外逆转录酶活性； 2. 阐明Polq逆转录酶活性的分子基础； 3. 使用细胞和动物模型研究RNA-DNA修复。我们预计这些研究将证实并在体外和生物环境中表征 Polq RT 活性，并阐明其新机制哺乳动物RNA-DNA修复。