Develop a novel phase-change water/fluid purification technology that uses a NASA-validated vapor compression distillation (VCD)

开发一种新型相变水/流体净化技术，该技术使用经 NASA 验证的蒸气压缩蒸馏 (VCD)

• 批准号: 10384223
• 负责人: Steve Bitterly
• 金额: $ 25.52万
• 依托单位: STEVE BITTERLY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-01-10 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10384223
• 关键词: Address; Adoption; Affect; Arsenic; Atmospheric Pressure; Beds; Biological; Businesses; Cessation of life; Chemical Structure; Chemicals; Chromium; Contracts; Country; Coupled; Data; Effectiveness; Emergency Situation; Excision; Feedback; Fishes; Fluorocarbons; Fresh Water; Friction; Goals; Growth; Growth and Development function; Hand; Health; Heavy Metals; Home; Hospitals; Human; Immune system; Industrialization; Industry; Laboratories; Life; Link; Liquid substance; Malignant Neoplasms; Medical center; Methodology; Methods; Minerals; Mining; Modeling; Modification; Output; Pathway interactions; Penetration; Persons; Phase; Policies; Poly-fluoroalkyl substances; Pump; Radiology Specialty; Recovery; Refuse Disposal; Regulation; Reporting; Reproduction; Research; Residual state; Safety; Sales; Sampling; Serum; Solid; Source; Space Flight; Stream; Sulfides; System; Technology; Testing; Thermodynamics; Thyroid Function Tests; TimeLine; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Water; Water Purification; Water Supply; animal tissue; base; commercialization; contaminated water; cost; cost effective; design; drinking water; effectiveness testing; ground water; hospital bed; improved; innovation; instrument; liver injury; novel; operation; perfluorooctanoic acid; performance tests; phase 1 study; phase change; portability; pressure; remediation; seal; vapor; wasting; water flow; water quality; water sampling; water testing; waterborne illness

Summary Contamination of water bodies with residual PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), aka “forever chemicals” have become a pervasive and widespread problem throughout the USA and worldwide despite ongoing regulations and policies to reduce and eliminate their prevalent use in manufacturing of many products. These fluorocarbon structured chemicals are known to collect in fish, animal tissues, and are increasingly being detected in blood serum samples of humans, with determined links to health degradation issues in growth and development, reproduction, thyroid function, liver damage, disruptions of immune system, and links to increased rates in cancer. Water supplies in 66 regions across the USA serving 6 million people had at least one or more PFAS-type contamination level at or above the EPA’s safety limits. We seek to propose and demonstrate a new phase-change rotary distillation-purification system and method that should completely remove these chemicals from drinking water supplies, using a technology that is highly efficient and scalable in size, from portable up to industrial systems. The technology utilizes energy recovery and operates at low-power and low-specific energy, and has a cost-effective pathway for large-scale commercialization in homes and scalable to industrial wastewater purification requirements. Earlier versions of this technology have been NASA-validated, however, we advanced certain key heat transfer mechanisms that achieve a 10x increase above reported boiler-condenser heat transfer coefficients for known and commercially available phase-change distillation technologies. Previous testing demonstrated a 10-fold increase in heat transfer efficiency through testing with Sandia National Labs and Cedars Sinai Medical Center, using inexpensive components with instrumented earlier bench-model testing. References show that phase-change purification by traditional distillation (high-power, with no energy recovery) removes all PFAS contaminations in water samples, but these technologies are immensely cost-prohibitive with no pathway for cost-effective application uses or commercialization. Specific aims propose testing several new key technology features beyond previous testing, which should demonstrate a cost-effective pathway for commercialization. These technology features include testing with and without PFAS contaminations the efficacy of a new rotary liquid-vapor seal that is exceedingly low-cost, near unlimited life, and very low frictional drag; self-cleaning features that would automatically maintain long operation with high- performance; and testing a conceptually new centrifugal pump that theoretically is capable of removing the fresh and waste water streams from sub-atmospheric pressure operation to above atmospheric pressures at very low power.

概括 残留的 PFAS（全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质）（又名“永久化学品”）对水体造成污染 尽管持续存在，但已成为整个美国和全世界普遍存在的问题 减少和消除其在许多产品制造中普遍使用的法规和政策。 众所周知，氟碳结构化学品会聚集在鱼类、动物组织中，并且越来越多地被 在人类血清样本中检测到，与生长和发育中的健康退化问题有确定的联系 发育、生殖、甲状腺功能、肝损伤、免疫系统破坏以及与增加的联系 在美国 66 个地区为 600 万人提供服务的供水系统中，至少存在一种或多种癌症发生率。 PFAS 类污染水平达到或高于 EPA 的安全限值。我们寻求提出并论证一种新的方法。 彻底去除这些化学物质的相变旋转蒸馏纯化系统和方法 从饮用水供应，使用高效且尺寸可扩展的技术，从便携式到 该技术利用能量回收并以低功率和低比能量运行， 并拥有一种经济有效的途径，可以在家庭中进行大规模商业化，并扩展到工业领域 然而，该技术的早期版本已经过 NASA 验证。 我们改进了某些关键的传热机制，比报道的锅炉冷凝器提高了 10 倍 已知的和市售的相变蒸馏的传热系数 之前的测试表明，通过测试，传热效率提高了 10 倍。 桑迪亚国家实验室和雪松西奈医疗中心，使用早期配备仪器的廉价组件 参考文献表明，通过传统蒸馏进行相变纯化（高功率，具有 无能量回收）消除了水样中的所有 PFAS 污染物，但这些技术的局限性非常大 成本过高，无法实现具有成本效益的应用用途或商业化。 测试超越先前测试的几项新的关键技术功能，这应该证明具有成本效益 这些技术特征包括使用和不使用 PFAS 的测试。 污染了新型旋转液汽密封的功效，该密封成本极低，寿命接近无限，并且 极低的摩擦阻力；自清洁功能，可自动保持高运行时间 性能；并测试一种理论上能够去除新鲜空气的新型离心泵。 和废水流在非常低的压力下从低于大气压运行到高于大气压 力量。