Neural mechanisms of biased attention towards disorder-salient stimuli in bulimia nervosa

神经性贪食症患者对障碍显着刺激的偏向注意的神经机制

基本信息

批准号：
10379917
负责人：
Jeffrey Scott Johnson
金额：
$ 14.72万
依托单位：
SANFORD RESEARCH NORTH
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-04-01 至 2026-02-28
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10379917
关键词：
Address Adopted Affect Amygdaloid structure Anterior Anxiety Area Attention Behavior Behavioral Body Image Brain Bulimia Cognitive Corpus striatum structure Development Disease Eating Eating Behavior Eating Disorders Electroencephalography Electrophysiology (science)Emotional Environment Evaluation Exhibits Food Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Functional disorder Goals Health Image Imaging Techniques Impairment Individual Individual Differences Intervention Knowledge Laboratories Measures Medial Mediating Mental disorders Methods Modality Moods Morbidity - disease rate Nature Neurosciences Research Parietal Participant Pathway interactions Performance Population Prefrontal Cortex Process Psychopathology Research Resources Rest Risk Severities Shapes Specificity Stimulus Substance Use Disorder Symptoms Testing Time Training Visual Fields Weight Weight Gain attentional bias base biobehavior cingulate cortex cognitive control cognitive neuroscience cognitive task cue reactivity effective therapy emotion regulation follow up assessment imaging modality indexing innovation insight mortality nervous system disorder neural circuit neuroimaging neuromechanism noninvasive brain stimulation novel prevent relating to nervous system symptomatology tool visual cognition visual neuroscience

项目摘要

Neural mechanisms of biased attention towards disorder-salient stimuli in bulimia nervosa PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa (BN) are characterized by aberrant eating behaviors that are thought to be promoted and maintained by an overvaluation of and preoccupation with weight, shape, and food. It has been suggested that excessive concern with body image, and factors that affect body image (e.g., food and eating), may maintain disordered eating behavior and other symptoms of BN by directing limited cognitive resources towards disorder-salient stimuli, thereby interfering with perceptual and cognitive tasks and distorting how the environment is perceived and interpreted by the individual. However, the temporal dynamics of attentional engagement, the specificity of attention biases to disorder-salient stimuli, and the underlying neural mechanisms that may give rise to them are still poorly understood. Although recent years have witnessed a marked increase in basic cognitive and neuroscience research related to eating disorders, it is generally acknowledged that the field lags behind other psychiatric disorders in terms of progress in understanding the brain circuits and pathophysiology of this debilitating form of mental illness. Gaining this understanding is critical if the promise of refined treatment modalities targeting BN is to be realized. The proposed project will contribute to this endeavor by using innovative behavioral and electrophysiological methods to measure attention biases towards disorder-salient stimuli, state-of-the-art imaging methods to assess brain functional connectivity, and correlation-based statistical approaches to examine the relationship between the two. This will provide a convergent approach that tests specific hypotheses regarding core processes that may be disrupted in BN. Basic knowledge about the neural basis of attention biases in BN can provide insights into the nature of a large number of psychiatric and neurological disorders that feature maladaptive preoccupations with disorder-relevant stimuli, such as anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders. Moreover, understanding attention biases and their neural bases can contribute to the development of novel behavioral and brain stimulation-based methods of effectively treating these debilitating conditions.

神经性贪食症患者对障碍显着刺激的偏向注意的神经机制项目概要/摘要饮食失调，例如神经性贪食症（BN），其特征是异常的饮食行为，这些行为被认为是通过对重量、形状和食物的高估和关注来促进和维持。它有有人认为过度关注身体形象以及影响身体形象的因素（例如食物和饮食），可能通过指导有限的认知来维持饮食失调和 BN 的其他症状资源转向紊乱显着刺激，从而干扰知觉和认知任务并扭曲个人如何感知和解释环境。然而，时间动态注意力参与、注意力偏差对障碍显着刺激的特异性以及潜在的神经可能引起它们的机制仍然知之甚少。尽管近年来见证了与饮食失调相关的基础认知和神经科学研究显着增加，一般来说承认该领域在理解精神疾病方面的进展落后于其他精神疾病这种使人衰弱的精神疾病的大脑回路和病理生理学。获得这种理解是如果要实现针对 BN 的改进治疗方式的承诺，这一点至关重要。拟议的项目将通过使用创新的行为和电生理学方法来测量，为这一努力做出贡献注意力偏向于紊乱显着刺激，最先进的成像方法来评估大脑功能连接性和基于相关性的统计方法来检查两者之间的关系。这将提供一种收敛方法来测试有关核心流程的特定假设，这些假设可能是 BN 中断。关于 BN 中注意偏差的神经基础的基本知识可以提供对大量以适应不良为特征的精神和神经疾病的本质与疾病相关的刺激，例如焦虑、情绪和物质使用障碍。此外，了解注意偏差及其神经基础有助于新行为和大脑的发展基于刺激的方法可以有效治疗这些使人衰弱的疾病。