INFANT PERCEPTUAL ABILITIES AS COGNITIVE PRECURSORS

婴儿感知能力作为认知前体

• 批准号: 2201829
• 负责人: APRIL A BENASICH
• 金额: $ 12.8万
• 依托单位: RUTGERS THE STATE UNIV OF NJ NEWARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-01-01 至 1998-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2201829
• 关键词: behavior test; behavioral habituation /sensitization; child behavior; cognition; early experience; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); intelligence; language development; language disorders; longitudinal human study; low birth weight infant human; memory; neural information processing; operant conditionings; perception; performance; premature infant human; stimulus /response; videotape /videodisc

The study of early infant behaviors and their relation to later cognitive and linguistic competence has been an enduring research focus in the investigation of human development. Research which aims to predict cognitive and linguistic abilities in later childhood based on early infant behavior, implicate infant perceptual-cognitive abilities as likely analogs for childhood information-processing skills. The primary aim of this study is to examine the specific relationship between early perceptual-cognitive abilities (as indexed by habituation, recognition memory, and auditory temporal processing) and later cognitive and linguistic development Speed of encoding appears to be the critical factor in differential performance on perceptual-cognitive tasks. Measures of perceptual- cognitive abilities in infancy, such as habituation decrement and recognition memory, are in turn related to performance on childhood linguistic and cognitive tasks. Similarly, studies with language impaired children implicate a specific deficit in rate of sensory and perceptual information processing. Previous research has found auditory temporal processing and memory deficits to be highly predictive of developmental speech and language impairment We propose to bring together two promising lines of research which, to our knowledge, have not previously been integrated, in order to directly examine the role of speed of encoding in infant perceptual-cognitive abilities and its subsequent impact on later cognitive and language outcomes. We will pursue these goals in two ways. First, by continuing to develop and refine our infant operant conditioning paradigm that facilitates assessment of auditory temporal processing (ATP) in the first year of life and collecting cross-sectional, normative data on ATP for infants 4- to 9- months-of-age. Second, by examining prospectively the developmental course of early perceptual memory, information processing, and temporal processing in three infant populations expected to differ in the course of language development and the incidence of specific language impairment: normal term infants, preterm very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants, and infants from families with a positive history of specific language impairment (LI). The primary rationale for the proposed research is to address and integrate existing theories of early perceptual, cognitive and language development. Ultimately, these studies may lead to the development of specific measures which may provide for earlier prediction of subsequent cognitive and/or language disorders.

对早期婴儿行为的研究及其与后期认知的关系 语言能力一直是持久的研究重点 人类发展的调查。旨在预测的研究 早期的童年认知和语言能力 婴儿行为，暗示婴儿感知认知能力 童年信息处理技能的类似物。主要目的 这项研究是要检查早期的特定关系 感知认知能力（按习惯索引，认可 记忆和听觉时间处理），后来的认知和 语言发展 编码速度似乎是差分的关键因素 感知认知任务的表现。感知的衡量标准 婴儿期的认知能力，例如习惯下降和 识别记忆，反过来与童年的表现有关 语言和认知任务。同样，使用语言的研究受损 儿童暗示了感官和感知率的特定赤字 信息处理。先前的研究发现听觉时间 处理和记忆缺陷高度预测发展 言语和语言障碍 我们建议将两种有希望的研究汇聚到我们的 知识，以前尚未集成，以直接 检查编码速度在婴儿感知认知中的作用 能力及其随后对以后的认知和语言的影响 结果。 我们将通过两种方式实现这些目标。首先，继续发展 并完善我们的婴儿操作调节范式，以促进 评估听觉时间处理（ATP）在生命的第一年 并收集4至9-婴儿ATP的横截面规范数据 年龄数月。第二，通过前瞻性地检查发展课程 早期感知记忆，信息处理和时间 预计三个婴儿种群的处理在此过程中会有所不同 语言发展和特定语言障碍的发生率： 正常的婴儿，早产非常低胎少（VLBW）婴儿，并且 来自具有积极语言历史的家庭的婴儿 损害（LI）。 拟议研究的主要理由是解决和解决 整合早期感知，认知和语言的现有理论 发展。最终，这些研究可能导致 可能为随后的早期预测提供的特定措施 认知和/或语言障碍。