Detecting the motion of odors: Olfactory direction sensing in Drosophila

检测气味的运动：果蝇的嗅觉方向感测

• 批准号: 10370404
• 负责人: Nirag Kadakia
• 金额: $ 3.43万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-01 至 2022-08-01
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10370404
• 关键词: Address; Air; Animal Behavior; Animals; Articular Range of Motion; Bacteria; Behavioral; Behavioral Paradigm; Bilateral; Biological Assay; Biological Models; Brain region; Caenorhabditis elegans; Calcium; Chemicals; Complex; Computer Models; Conflict (Psychology); Cues; Culicidae; Data; Detection; Development; Disease Vectors; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Environmental Wind; Esthesia; Filament; Genetic; Goals; Grant; Human; Image; Intervention; Knowledge; Learning; Location; Maps; Measures; Mentors; Mentorship; Modality; Motion; Nature; Neurons; Odors; Olfactory Pathways; Olfactory Receptor Neurons; Organism; Pattern; Phase; Probability; Psychological reinforcement; Retina; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Smell Perception; Source; Speed; Stream; System; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Training; Travel; Tsetse Flies; Vision; Visual Motion; Visual Pathways; Walking; behavior measurement; behavioral response; connectome; contrast enhanced; design; disorder control; experimental study; fictional works; fly; genetic manipulation; luminance; multisensory; navigation aid; navigation aide; neural circuit; novel; optogenetics; relating to nervous system; sensory input; sensory stimulus; spatiotemporal; theories; tool; virtual reality

Project Summary This project will investigate the neural computations underlying multisensory integration in the context of olfactory navigation. Olfactory navigation drives animal behaviors ranging from those critical for mankind’s survival, such as crop pollination, to those that are fantastically destructive, such as the location of human hosts by vectors of disease. Olfactory navigation is also an ideal paradigm for understanding how neural systems convert complex sensory stimuli into sequences of actions comprising a goal-directed task. To navigate odor plumes, animals must integrate potentially conflicting information streams from multiple sensory inputs, such as mechanosensory information from wind motion, as well as the timing and location of odor signals. I will focus on an information stream not yet investigated in olfaction: the direction of motion of traveling odor filaments. The direction of odor motion may contain information about the location of the odor source, which can reinforce information from local wind cues. This project will combine sophisticated behavioral paradigms, genetic silencing, calcium imaging, and theoretical modeling in a model system, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, to characterize how odor motion is detected and used in natural plume navigation. Targeted neural manipulations are enabled by the wealth of genetic tools available in Drosophila system – in particular the recent identification of neuron types in (and development of genetic drivers for) higher-order olfactory processing centers. In the mentored (K99) portion of this grant, I will use behavioral recordings and optogenetic stimulation to characterize odor direction sensing in fruit flies, and how it integrates with wind sensing. In the latter portion of the K99, carrying over into the initial phase of the R00, I will use targeted genetic manipulations and calcium imaging to identify the neurons and brain regions involved in odor direction sensing, and to characterize how odor direction is encoded in the activity patterns of 2nd- and 3rd-order olfactory circuit neurons. This portion of the project is uniquely possible in the Drosophila system, whose well-mapped connectome allows causal perturbations of the information flow through the olfactory circuit hierarchy. In the latter portion of the R00, I will combine theoretical models with behavioral recordings to quantify how information from odor direction sensing can be optimally exploited in navigating naturalistic odor plumes. The proposal offers training in recording neural activity, as well as mentorship in the design of navigation assays and higher-order olfactory processing. Training will be provided by a strong mentorship and advising committee, consisting of co-mentors Thierry Emonet and Damon Clark, who offer complementary expertise in Drosophila olfactory navigation and in direction sensing in the Drosophila visual pathway, as well as advisors Justus Verhagen (virtual reality assay for olfactory navigation), James Jeanne (computations in Drosophila higher-order olfactory centers), and Jing Yan (professional development). These training horizons will facilitate a successful transition to scientific independence, leading toward my long-term goal of characterizing the neural circuits and computations underlying ethologically-relevant, goal-directed tasks.

项目概要 该项目将研究嗅觉背景下多感官整合的神经计算 嗅觉导航驱动动物的行为，包括对人类生存至关重要的行为，例如 例如农作物授粉，对那些具有极大破坏性的事物，例如通过媒介来确定人类宿主的位置 嗅觉导航也是理解神经系统如何转换复杂疾病的理想范例。 将感官刺激转化为一系列行动，包括目标导向的任务 导航气味羽流，动物。 必须整合来自多个感官输入的潜在冲突的信息流，例如机械感觉 来自风运动的信息，以及气味信号的时间和位置我将重点关注一个信息。 尚未在嗅觉中研究的流：行进气味细丝的运动方向。 运动可能包含有关气味源位置的信息，这可以强化来自本地的信息 该项目将结合复杂的行为范式、基因沉默、钙成像和 在模型系统（果蝇果蝇）中进行理论建模，以描述气味运动的特征 被检测并用于自然羽流导航，有针对性的神经操作是通过丰富的信息实现的。 果蝇系统中可用的遗传工具 - 特别是最近鉴定的神经元类型（和 开发高阶嗅觉处理中心的遗传驱动程序在指导（K99）部分。 这笔资助，我将使用行为记录和光遗传学刺激来表征气味方向感知 果蝇，以及它如何与风感测集成在 K99 的后半部分，延续到最初的部分。 R00阶段，我将使用有针对性的基因操作和钙成像来识别神经元和大脑 涉及气味方向感测的区域，并表征气味方向在活动中的编码方式 该项目的这一部分在第二和第三阶嗅觉回路神经元的模式中是唯一可能的。 果蝇系统，其映射良好的连接组允许信息流的因果扰动 在 R00 的后半部分，我将把理论模型与行为结合起来。 记录以量化如何在导航中最佳地利用气味方向感测的信息 该提案提供了记录神经活动的培训以及对气味的指导。 导航分析和高阶嗅觉处理的设计将由强大的培训提供。 导师和咨询委员会，由联合导师 Thierry Emonet 和 Damon Clark 组成，他们提供 果蝇嗅觉导航和果蝇视觉方向感测方面的互补专业知识 途径，以及顾问 Justus Verhagen（用于嗅觉导航分析的虚拟现实导航分析），James Jeanne （果蝇高阶嗅觉中心的计算）和荆艳（专业发展）。 培训视野将有助于成功过渡到科学独立，从而实现我的长期目标 目标是描述与伦理相关、目标导向的任务背后的神经回路和计算。

项目成果

Sensing complementary temporal features of odor signals enhances navigation of diverse turbulent plumes.

感知气味信号的互补时间特征可以增强不同湍流羽流的导航。

• 发表时间: 2022-01-24
• 影响因子: 7.7
• 作者: Jayaram, Viraaj;Kadakia, Nirag;Emonet, Thierry
• 通讯作者: Emonet, Thierry

Odour motion sensing enhances navigation of complex plumes.

气味运动传感增强了复杂羽流的导航。

• 发表时间: 2022-11
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Kadakia, Nirag;Demir, Mahmut;Michaelis, Brenden T;DeAngelis, Brian D;Reidenbach, Matthew A;Clark, Damon A;Emonet, Thierry
• 通讯作者: Emonet, Thierry

Optimal control methods for nonlinear parameter estimation in biophysical neuron models.

生物物理神经元模型中非线性参数估计的最优控制方法。

• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 影响因子: 4.3
• 作者: Kadakia; Nirag
• 通讯作者: Nirag