Using gravity to perceive, move and orient

利用重力来感知、移动和定向

基本信息

批准号：
10330565
负责人：
Dora Angelaki
金额：
$ 71.35万
依托单位：
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-12-06 至 2023-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10330565
关键词：
Acceleration Action Research Affect Aging Agonist American Anatomy Animals Anterior Area Behavior Behavioral Bilateral Body Image Brain Cells Cerebellar vermis structure Code Cues Darkness Data Deceleration Discrimination Elderly Equilibrium Excision Financial compensation Force of Gravity Functional disorder Generations Gravitation Gravity Perception Head Health Human Injury Laws Learning Life Light Link Macaca Measures Mediating Modeling Motion Motor Movement Muscimol Muscle Nature Navigation System Neural Pathways Organ Pathway interactions Pattern Perception Performance Persons Planet Earth Positioning Attribute Primates Property Recovery Reporting Robotics Role Sensory Signal Transduction Space Flight System Technology Testing Thalamic structure Training Vestibular Diseases Visual Work antagonist arm arm movement base behavior test body position experimental study falls healthy aging kinematics labyrinthectomy motor control motor learning multisensory neural circuit neural correlate neuromechanism neurotransmission novel strategies performance tests posture instability receptor recruit relating to nervous system sensory input somatosensory theories

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY Accurate perception of the body’s orientation in the world is central to everyday life, as balance problems are common and serious, especially in older adults. Computational theory proposes that this ability requires the brain to learn and store an internal representation of gravity that can be used for perception and action, and research has shown that this model is based on visual, somatosensory, and vestibular signals. The proposed experiments investigate the contribution of the vestibular system to the generation of this internal model and test whether the same neural mechanisms provide the gravitational information used for perception and action. In Aim 1, macaques will be trained to visually discriminate the earth-vertical orientation while they are in random head/body tilt positions and then behaviorally tested after bilateral removal of the vestibular organs. If this manipulation abolishes the ability to perform this task at tilted positions, that will indicate that vestibular information is critical for the internal model of gravity. This aim will also examine how visual orientation discrimination adapts to vestibular receptor loss by recruiting extra-vestibular sensory cues, such as somatosensation, and whether active training is necessary for this compensation. Aim 2 will examine how gravity-dependent vestibular information affects motor function by measuring arm kinematics and muscle activity from agonist and antagonist muscles before and after bilateral removal of vestibular inputs. This aim will also measure adaptation after vestibular injury and the role of training in this compensation. Aim 3 will distinguish whether these gravity effects on perception and action are mediated by a shared thalamocortical pathway by probing for deficits in the tasks of Aims 1 and 2 during reversible inactivation of the anterior thalamus, where gravity-tuned cells have been reported. Taken together, these experiments are important for understanding the multisensory influences of gravity on perception and action, as well as the underlying neural circuits, and for revealing how motor learning can aid recovery from vestibular dysfunction.

项目概要准确感知身体在世界中的方位对于日常生活至关重要，因为平衡问题是常见且严重，尤其是在老年人中。计算理论认为这种能力需要大脑学习并存储可用于感知和行动的重力的内部表示，以及研究表明，该模型基于视觉、体感和前庭信号。实验研究了前庭系统对生成该内部模型的贡献，并且测试相同的神经机制是否提供用于感知和行动的重力信息。在目标 1 中，将训练猕猴在视觉上辨别地球垂直方向。随机头部/身体倾斜位置，然后在双侧切除前庭器官后进行行为测试。这种操作消除了在倾斜位置执行此任务的能力，这将表明前庭信息对于重力的内部模型至关重要。这一目标还将研究视觉定向的方式。歧视通过招募前庭外感觉线索来适应前庭受体的丧失，例如体感，以及这种补偿是否需要主动训练，目标 2 将检查如何进行。重力相关的前庭信息通过测量手臂运动学和肌肉来影响运动功能在双侧前庭输入去除之前和之后主动肌和拮抗肌的活动。还将衡量前庭损伤后的适应情况以及训练在这一补偿中的作用。区分这些重力对感知和行动的影响是否是由共享的丘脑皮质介导的通过在前脑可逆失活过程中探测目标 1 和 2 任务中的缺陷来探索途径丘脑中已报道了重力调节细胞，总的来说，这些实验对于丘脑来说很重要。了解重力对感知和行动的多感官影响，以及潜在的神经元电路，并揭示运动学习如何帮助前庭功能障碍的恢复。