Evaluation of Improvement of High Mobility Networks based on Users'value of Time in Japan

日本基于用户时间价值的高移动网络改进评价

基本信息

批准号：
09450194
负责人：
KONDO Akio
金额：
$ 3.33万
依托单位：
The University of Tokushima
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The rapid progress of motorization and the development of airline flight path networks have altered the structure of the transportation demand in Japan since the 1960's. This change has resulted in improved high mobility networks including roads, railways and airline flight paths. This study aims to observe the recent changes in the development of such networks based on travel time and cost and to evaluate them from the view point of transportation users. In evaluation, we propose an index calculated from travel lime and cost between regions. Comparison of this index to the transportation users' value of time has been evaluated for the networks of 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990, respectively. The main results obtained in this study are presented below.(1) Using the ratio of cost increase to time reduction, we have pointed out that, from 1960 to 1970, the travel cost decreased as the travel hours became shorter by all modes of transportation. This means that the situation was beneficial to all the users. For road transportation, however, regional gaps in transportation services widened from 1980 to 1990. The improvements in air travel services are extremely preferable to the users.(2) In the analysis based on the ratio of cost increase to time reduction and the users' value of time, we have found that, regarding air travel, all the users preferred the post-improvement situation in all the areas and in every period. For road and rail users from 1970 through 1980, however, most of them preferred the situation before the improvements were made, the problem being the transportation fare hikes during these years, which financially burdened the users. During the last decade, 1980-1990, the majority of road and rail users preferred the post- improvement situation in urban areas, but not very many felt this way in provincial areas. This result again indicates the presence of transportation service gaps by region.

自20世纪60年代以来，机动化的快速进步和航空航线网络的发展改变了日本的交通需求结构。这一变化改善了高流动性网络，包括公路、铁路和航空公司航线。本研究旨在根据出行时间和成本观察此类网络发展的最新变化，并从交通用户的角度对其进行评估。在评估中，我们提出了一个根据区域之间的旅行时间和成本计算的指数。分别对 1960 年、1970 年、1980 年和 1990 年的网络进行了该指数与交通用户时间价值的比较。本研究的主要结果如下：(1)利用成本增加与时间减少的比率，我们指出，从1960年到1970年，随着各种交通方式的出行时间变短，出行成本下降。。这意味着这种情况对所有用户都有利。而公路运输方面，从1980年到1990年，运输服务的地区差距不断拉大。航空旅行服务的改善对用户来说是极为有利的。(2)在基于成本增加与时间减少的比率和用户的分析中，从时间价值的角度来看，我们发现，对于航空旅行，所有用户都更喜欢各个领域、各个时期改善后的情况。然而，对于1970年至1980年的公路和铁路用户来说，他们中的大多数人更喜欢改善之前的情况，问题是这些年的交通票价上涨，给用户带来了经济负担。在1980年至1990年的最后十年中，大多数公路和铁路用户更喜欢城市地区改善后的状况，但在省份地区，这种感觉并不多。这一结果再次表明不同地区之间存在交通服务差距。